Network Meta-Analysis of Targeted-Release Budesonide (Nefecon) vs. Systemic Glucocorticoids for IgA Nephropathy: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety Based on Randomized Controlled Trials

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/63b4e1706cfee67dc13dc99a84ee9585.pdf
Network Meta-Analysis of Targeted-Release Budesonide (Nefecon) vs. Systemic Glucocorticoids for IgA Nephropathy: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety Based on Randomized Controlled Trials

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Junnan
Wu
Wenjie Wei 3321036@zju.edu.cn Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Nephrology Hangzhou China -
Ming Cheng chengming@smmu.edu.cn Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Department of Nephrology Shanghai China -
Jianbo Qing Dr.jianboqing@gmail.com Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Nephrology Hangzhou China -
Junnan Wu junnan.wu@zju.edu.cn Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Nephrology Hangzhou China *
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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in East Asia. While systemic glucocorticoids can delay disease progression, their clinical use is limited by significant systemic side effects. Targeted-release budesonide (Nefecon) is designed to deliver localized immunosuppression to Peyer’s patches in the distal ileum, a key site in the mucosal immune system implicated in the aberrant production of pathogenic IgA1. By acting at the presumed origin of disease pathogenesis, Nefecon aims to reduce the generation of pathogenic IgA at its source, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic exposure and related adverse events. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of Nefecon compared to conventional systemic glucocorticoids using a network meta-analysis.

A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (through 2024) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating Nefecon, systemic glucocorticoids, or placebo in patients with IgAN. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to estimate relative treatment effects and corresponding 95% credible intervals. Surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) values were used to determine the probability rankings of each treatment.

In terms of renal function preservation, both Nefecon (OR 6.29; 95% CI: 1.52–26.35) and systemic glucocorticoids (OR 4.00; 95% CI: 1.03–42.18) were superior to placebo in preventing a ≥30% decline in eGFR. Ranking probability analysis indicated that Nefecon had the highest likelihood (63%) of being the most effective treatment, followed by methylprednisolone (35%) and placebo (1.1%).

Regarding safety, Nefecon consistently ranked more favorably than methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone was associated with a significantly higher risk of infectious adverse events compared to placebo (OR 6.34; 95% CI: 1.41–35.33), and ranking analysis suggested a 61% probability of it being the least safe option.

For osteonecrosis, methylprednisolone ranked worst with a 91% probability, whereas Nefecon had only a 7% chance of being ranked last. In the overall adverse event ranking, placebo ranked first (72%), followed by Nefecon (25%), while methylprednisolone ranked lowest (3%).

Nefecon demonstrated the highest probability of being the most effective treatment for preserving renal function in patients with IgA nephropathy, with a favorable efficacy profile that surpassed systemic glucocorticoids in ranking analysis. In addition, Nefecon was associated with substantially fewer adverse events, particularly infectious complications and osteonecrosis. These results support Nefecon as the most promising therapeutic option for optimizing both efficacy and safety in the management of IgAN.

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