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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS-4), characterized by cardiac injury, disease, and/or dysfunction secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD), affects 66-75% of patients with advanced CKD (stages 3-5). The management of CRS-4 is challenging due to limited pharmacotherapeutic options imposed by renal impairment. Therefore, identifying risk factors for early intervention becomes paramount. This study aims to investigate these risk factors in the CRS-4 population.
A single-center, cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted. Patients with stage 3-5 CKD who were hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology at Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, between January 2022 and December 2023 and who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. According to the CRS-4 diagnostic criteria, they were categorized into two groups: a CKD without heart failure group (non-CRS-4 group) and a CKD with secondary heart failure group (CRS-4 group). Complete medical records from the day of their first admission were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 26.0). Data on general characteristics, primary CKD etiologies, comorbidities, and clinical laboratory parameters were compared between the groups. Indicators showing statistically significant differences were subsequently included in a stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify the independent risk factors for CRS-4.
A total of 468 patients were included in this study, comprising 227 patients (48.50%) in the non-CRS-4 group and 241 patients (51.50%) in the CRS-4 group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following factors as independent predictors of CRS-4. Several factors were positively associated with an increased risk of CRS-4: systolic blood pressure (OR=1.027, P=0.011), comorbid anemia (OR=4.477, P<0.001), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) (OR=1.001, P<0.001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR=1.221, P=0.005), serum phosphorus (OR=6.830, P<0.001), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (OR=1.003, P=0.001), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (OR=734.231, P=0.049), left atrial diameter (LAD) (OR=11.903, P<0.001), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (OR=1.031, P<0.001), septal E/e' ratio (OR=1.130, P=0.021), and lateral E/e' ratio (OR=1.191, P=0.007). Conversely, the following factors demonstrated a negative association with CRS-4 risk: 24-hour urine volume (OR=0.999, P<0.001), membranous nephropathy as the primary disease (OR=0.197, P=0.003), history of hyperlipidemia (OR=0.478, P=0.003), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR=0.943, P<0.001), serum albumin (OR=0.957, P=0.041), complement C3 (OR=0.082, P<0.001), triglycerides (OR=0.596, P=0.001), bicarbonate (OR=0.932, P=0.029), hemoglobin (OR=0.979, P=0.002), free triiodothyronine (FT3) (OR=0.475, P=0.013), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR=0.878, P<0.001).
The analysis identifies the following factors as significant risks for CRS-4: elevated systolic blood pressure, reduced urine output, decreased eGFR, hypoalbuminemia, increased proteinuria, a high NLR, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, anemia, and low T3 levels.
