Assessment of Medication Adherence and Its Impact on Blood Pressure Control Among Hypertensive Patients in a Resource-Limited Setting.

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Assessment of Medication Adherence and Its Impact on Blood Pressure Control Among Hypertensive Patients in a Resource-Limited Setting.

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Co-author 1

Samuel Dada ayokunle.dada@eksu.edu.ng Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti Department Of Medicine Ado Ekiti Nigeria *

Co-author 2

Peter Ojo ojop964@gmail.com Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti Department Of Medicine Ido Ekiti Nigeria -

Co-author 3

Wealth Anegbenu pdflowerwealth@gmail.com Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Department Of Family Medicine Ado Ekiti Nigeria -

Co-author 4

Temitope Ajayi ajayitemitopejeremiah@gmail.com Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital Department Of Medicine Ado Ekiti Nigeria -

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Introduction

Hypertension remains a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive therapy, poor blood pressure (BP) control persists, largely due to medication non-adherence. This study was to assess the level of medication adherence and its impact on blood pressure control among hypertensive patients in a resource-limited setting.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult hypertensive patients attending outpatient clinics at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire incorporating the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) and blood pressure readings. Socio-demographic information and treatment history were also obtained. Blood pressure control was defined as systolic BP <140 mmHg and diastolic BP <90 mmHg. Adherence was rated as low, moderate and high according to the score obtained from MMAS.

Results

The study population included males and females aged 33-97 years with a mean of 63.8±13years. The majority were females, 46 (71.9%). Educational attainment varied, with about half (51.6%) of the patients having tertiary education. Most respondents reported a monthly income below ₦100,000. Although a majority reported regular use of medications, about one-third admitted to occasionally forgetting or intentionally skipping doses. Patients with high adherence had significantly lower mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with low adherence levels, P=0.029 and 0.002, respectively. Overall, blood pressure control was more prevalent among high adherent patients compared to low adherence, 81.0% versus 57.1% respectively.

Conclusion

Medication adherence is a critical determinant of blood pressure control among hypertensive patients. Interventions targeting health literacy, counselling, and treatment reminders may enhance adherence and improve outcomes in low-resource settings.

Kewords