OUTCOMES OF ABO-INCOMPATIBLE KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN RECIPIENTS WITH EXTREMELY HIGH BASELINE ISOAGGLUTININ TITERS (≥1:1024): A TWO-CENTER EXPERIENCE

 

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OUTCOMES OF ABO-INCOMPATIBLE KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN RECIPIENTS WITH EXTREMELY HIGH BASELINE ISOAGGLUTININ TITERS (≥1:1024): A TWO-CENTER EXPERIENCE

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JEE
KIM
JEE KIM jeesungkim87@gmail.com Seoul St. Mary’s hospital Division of Nephrology Seoul Korea (Republic of) *
Sang Hun Eum trickyspot@gmail.com Incheon St. Mary's Hospital Division of Nephrology Incheon Korea (Republic of) -
Hanbi Lee hanbilee89@gmail.com Seoul St. Mary’s hospital Division of Nephrology Seoul Korea (Republic of) -
Hye Eun Yoon berrynana@catholic.ac.kr Seoul St. Mary’s hospital Division of Nephrology Seoul Korea (Republic of) -
Byungchang Kim bchakim@naver.com Maryknoll Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Pusan Korea (Republic of) -
Dong Ryeol Lee egis70@naver.com Maryknoll Medical Center Department of Laboratory Medicine Pusan Korea (Republic of) -
Byung Ha Chung chungbh@catholic.ac.kr Seoul St. Mary’s hospital Division of Nephrology Seoul Korea (Republic of) -
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ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABOic KT) is increasingly feasible with modern desensitization, but patients with very high baseline isoagglutinin titers remain challenging.

We retrospectively reviewed 15 patients from two centers who underwent ABOic KT with baseline titers ≥1:1024. All received rituximab, plasmapheresis, and protocol-based immunosuppression. Outcomes assessed included bleeding, biopsy-proven allograft rejection (BPAR), infections, graft function, and survival.

Median age was 53 years (13 males, 2 females). All but one achieved preoperative titers ≤1:32 after a median of 10 apheresis sessions (range: 7–16). Two patients developed severe postoperative bleeding requiring graft nephrectomy. Seven patients experienced BPAR (T cell– or antibody-mediated); notably, only one had a titer of 1:1024 at rejection, while the others had ≤1:16. In regard to opportunistic viral infection, 7 patients developed both CMV and BK viremia, 2 had CMV alone, and 2 had BK alone. During long-term follow-up, three patients lost graft function—two due to chronic rejection at 6 and 15 years and one due to sepsis-related acute kidney injury at 15 years. Two patients died, one from cardiovascular disease at 1.2 years and another from pneumonia at 6 years post-transplant.

Despite extremely high baseline isoagglutinin titers, ABOic KT can achieve acceptable long-term outcomes. However, careful pretransplant desensitization and vigilant posttransplant monitoring for bleeding and infectious complications are essential.

Kewords