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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer therapy, significantly improving survival across various malignancies. However, ICIs are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) involving multiple organ systems, including the kidneys.Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 17% of patients receiving ICIs, with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) being the most frequent pathological finding. Reported risk factors include lower baseline eGFR, concurrent proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or NSAID use, and the presence of extra-renal irAEs.This study describes the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients who developed AKI while receiving pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor.
A retrospective analysis was conducted of 950 patients who received pembrolizumab between 2021 and 2024. Patients who developed AKI stage 2 or 3 (as defined by KDIGO criteria) during treatment were identified. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, medication history (including PPIs, NSAIDs, and antibiotics), eGFR prior to treatment, presence of extra-renal irAEs, and renal outcomes were analysed.
A total of 187 patients (19.7%) developed AKI while on pembrolizumab; 45 (4.7%) had stage 2 and 22 (2.3%) had stage 3 AKI. Among patients with stage ≥2 AKI, 29 were male. The mean baseline eGFR prior to pembrolizumab was 77.5 ± 17.7 mL/min/1.73m², and the mean time to peak AKI was 202 days after initiation.Comorbidities included hypertension (41.5%) and type 2 diabetes (18.5%). PPI use was common (64.6%), while NSAIDs and antibiotics were reported in 20% and 18.5%, respectively.
Suspected ICI-related AIN was documented in 14 patients (21.5%), and 38 patients (58.5%) received corticosteroids. Only 23 patients (35%) had a pre-treatment urine dip, with 16 (24.6%) showing haemoproteinuria. Extra-renal irAEs were present in 33 patients.Renal recovery occurred in 30 patients (46%), while 6 (9%) had partial improvement. Twenty-nine (45%) showed no recovery, 17 of whom did not receive corticosteroids. No patients underwent renal biopsy.
Nearly one-fifth of patients receiving pembrolizumab developed AKI, a higher incidence than previously reported. The frequent use of PPIs may represent a modifiable risk factor. Limited recognition of ICI-associated nephritis was evident, with few patients undergoing urinalysis or being considered for ICI-AIN despite compatible presentations. Lack of steroid initiation in non-recovering patients highlights a potential gap in awareness and management of renal irAEs among treating clinicians.
