Efficacy of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease with Minimal Proteinuria

 

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Efficacy of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease with Minimal Proteinuria

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Yoshitsugu
Kaku
Yoshitsugu Kaku y_kaku@nifty.com Fukuoka Children's Hospital Nephrology Fukuoka Japan *
Watanabe Yuka symadeinheaven0110@gmail.com Fukuoka Children's Hospital Nephrology Fukuoka Japan -
Suematsu Shinya vanjack01@gmail.com Fukuoka Children's Hospital Nephrology Fukuoka Japan -
Kazuya Ogawa ogwkzy@oita-u.ac.jp Fukuoka Children's Hospital Nephrology Fukuoka Japan -
Jun Hirakawa j-hirakawa@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp Fukuoka Children's Hospital Nephrology Fukuoka Japan -
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Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to exert renoprotective effects regardless of the presence of diabetes. However, the etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children differs from that in adults. In adults, renoprotective benefits have been reported mainly in cases with significant proteinuria, while pediatric CKD is often caused by congenital kidney disease such as congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) that present with little or no proteinuria.

We report our experience on the renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in pediatric CKD patients with minimal proteinuria.

Six pediatric patients who received SGLT2 inhibitors for more than 18 months were analyzed. The underlying diseases were vesicoureteral reflux (n = 2), renal hypoplasia (n = 2), familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy (n = 1), and Alport syndrome (n = 1). The median age at initiation was 16.0 years.

The annual change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (∆eGFR) during the two years before treatment was compared with that observed after six months of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.

The mean baseline eGFR was 39.0 mL/min/1.73 m² (range: 21.7–72.6).

The mean ΔeGFR during the two years prior to treatment was −3.37 mL/min/1.73 m²/year (range: −9.66 to −2.18).

During the first six months of therapy, ΔeGFR worsened in five cases; however, from six months onward, the mean ΔeGFR improved to −1.82 mL/min/1.73 m²/year (range: −2.95 to 2.02), with improvement observed in all but one case.

The median rate of change was +66.1 % (range: −24.4 to 192.4 %), and three patients demonstrated an upward trend in eGFR.

Adverse events included one case of urinary tract infection and mild hypoglycemic symptoms in two cases.

The five patients showing ΔeGFR improvement had non-glomerular congenital renal diseases or CAKUT with negative or mild proteinuria.

Our findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors can exert renoprotective effects even in pediatric CKD patients with minimal proteinuria.

Because SGLT2 inhibitors are known to cause an initial transient decline in GFR (“initial dip”) after therapy initiation, ΔeGFR was evaluated from six months onward, beyond this phase, and improvement was observed in five of the six cases.

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