Cystic echinococcosis of the kidney in children and teenagers, a neglected reason for nephrectomy, a retrospective review 2001 to 2025

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Cystic echinococcosis of the kidney in children and teenagers, a neglected reason for nephrectomy, a retrospective review 2001 to 2025

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Co-author 1

Jorge Gustavo Hernandez Cordova hernandez.cordova.j@upch.pe Universidad Privada del Norte Escuela de Medicina Lima Peru *

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Diana Perales Uruchi dianitax006@gmail.com Universidad Continental Escuela de Medicina Cusco Peru -

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Carmen Vargas Reynaga carmenvargas@mail.usf.edu USF Graduate school Santa Cruz Bolivia -

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Introduction

This zoonoses is due to the larval infection of the organs of accidental host in the cycle of Echinoccocus granulosus, the cestode known as taenia of the dog. (1) Kidney presentation is rare, being the third place to locate the disease after liver and lung.

Methods

We present 12 cases of cystic echinococcosis, one report belongs to a Peruvian experience of presentation with haematuria in a male teenager and the rest were found on the Medline database, abstracts written in English and cases with individual clinical information were included. This review includes both isolated kidney cysts and not isolated cases. Differences of origin of patient, publication and country where the diagnosis happened were done. Cases published in languages different to English were included too.

Results

The youngest case of this review of cases is a 4 year old boy from India.(2) Most of the series show predominance of the incidence in female, in our case no clear predominance is shown, eosinophilia is not an useful parameter and not present in most of the cases, stages I and II of the cystic disease are most common at the diagnosis, WHO and Bosniak classifications were used less than Gharbi system, Hydatiduria or the presence of parasitic membranes in urine is a pathognomonic sign not always present and macroscopic haematuria is highlighted in the presentation of the disease. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has been described in these cases.(3) No predominant side was described in the kidneys.

Conclusion

This review is intended to serve as an update for the cases for this first quarter of century and highlights the importance of this parasitic disease in the differential diagnosis of cystic masses in the pediatric kidney. This disease represents a non-oncological cause of nephrectomy in many cases. This tropical disease has to be included in the differential diagnoses in endemic settings and migrant patients.

REFERENCES

1. Kumar N, Rahul sandip kumar, Bohra H, Munda V, Vijayan V, Barla N. When Cysts Strike: A Unique Case of Isolated Renal Hydatid Disease in a Child. Turk J Pathol. 17 de marzo de 2025;

2. Handa R, Harjai MM. Hydatid cyst of the renal pelvis. Pediatr Surg Int. mayo de 2005;21(5):410-2.

3. Vizcarra Vizcarra C, Peña Santa Cruz C, del Carpio Zeballos H, Chávez Velázquez E, Gónzalez-Polar Garcés J, Asato Higa C. Hidatidosis renal y glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria: un raro caso presentado como tumor renal en Perú. Nefrología. 1 de junio de 2018;10(1):85-8.

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