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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Cyclosporine A (CyA) and tacrolimus (TAC) are the main calcineurin inhibitors used in treating pediatric steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Although CyA was the first widely adopted agent, its efficacy is limited by cosmetic and metabolic adverse effects. Tacrolimus, a newer alternative, offers comparable immunosuppressive efficacy with a potentially improved safety profile. This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy, relapse rates, and adverse-event profiles of CyA and TAC in children with SRNS.
A thorough literature search was carried out up until October 06, 2025, using electronic databases and registries (PubMed, Scopus, EuropePMC, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov). Clinical studies comparing the efficacy of CyA and TAC in children with SRNS were included in all relevant studies. Studies conducted in languages other than English and pre-clinical research were not included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0, and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.
Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising one randomized controlled trial, one quasi-experimental study, four prospective cohort studies, and three retrospective cohort studies. The heterogeneity in study design and outcome assessment limited direct comparison. Three studies demonstrated that TAC was significantly superior in achieving complete remission. However, these studies had small sample sizes, and one study had a moderate risk of bias. Each immunosuppressant had distinct patterns of adverse effects, with CyA most commonly associated with hypertrichosis and gingival hypertrophy, whereas TAC was more frequently associated with hypertension and glucose intolerance. One study reported a significantly higher overall incidence of adverse effects among patients treated with CyA compared to those receiving TAC.
Current evidence indicates that tacrolimus may achieve comparable or higher remission rates than cyclosporine, with fewer total reported adverse events. However, the available data are limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous study designs, and variable reporting quality, with inconsistent statistical significance. Robust, adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the true comparative efficacy and safety of these agents.
