Signaling Events in the Kidney Following Ligature-Induced Periodontitis Revealed via Multi-Omics

 

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Signaling Events in the Kidney Following Ligature-Induced Periodontitis Revealed via Multi-Omics

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Mari
Sugimoto
Mari Sugimoto sugimoto.peri@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan *
Hiroaki Kikuchi hkikuchi.kid@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Koji Mizutani mizutani.peri@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of General Dentistry Tokyo Japan -
Risako Mikami mikaperi@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Advanced Biomaterials Tokyo Japan -
Takefumi Suzuki tsuzuki.kid@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Hu Jinming h15831629789@outlook.com Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Tamami Fujiki tfujiki.kid@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Yutaro Mori y-mori.kid@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Fumiaki Ando fandoh.kidc@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Shintaro Mandai tmori.kid@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Takayasu Mori tmori.kid@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Koichiro Susa ksusa.kid@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Eisei Sohara esohara.kid@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Takanori Iwata iwata.peri@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Periodontology Tokyo Japan -
Shinichi Uchida suchida.kid@tmd.ac.jp Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Institute of Science Tokyo Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -

Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who also suffer from periodontitis are at an increased risk of renal function decline. However, the mechanisms underlying CKD progression induced by periodontitis remain poorly understood. Recently, advanced ‘-omics’ methodologies have been introduced, offering the potential to uncover complex molecular mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to identify the signaling changes in the kidney following the induction of periodontitis in mice using next-generation sequencing approaches.

Experiments were conducted using a folic acid-induced CKD mouse model (FAN-CKD) and a ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model (LIG). Kidney function was assessed through blood sampling, and periodontal tissue was evaluated using micro-computed tomography (μCT). Kidney samples were further analyzed using Western blotting and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify molecular pathways responsible for the exacerbation of kidney damage caused by periodontitis. For cell culture experiments, human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were used.

In the FAN-CKD group, kidney function was significantly worsened by the induction of periodontitis via ligature. Furthermore, μCT imaging confirmed that ligature induced periodontitis with consistent severity. RNA-seq analysis comparing FAN vs. FAN+LIG showed the upregulation of interferon (IFN) alpha/beta signaling, including IRF7, STAT1, and ISG20, and a strong upregulation of beta-catenin signaling, and downregulation of AMPK signals in the kidney following ligature treatment. The upregulation of beta-catenin signaling target genes was also found in the FAN-CKD model in comparison to the control. Western blot analysis showed decreased phosphorylation of beta-catenin at the Ser552 site, which is known to inactivate beta-catenin activity. A 24-hour incubation with IFN-gamma in HK-2 cells showed inhibition of phosphorylation of AMPK at the Thr 172 site and CTNNB1 (beta-catenin) at the Ser 552 site.

The progression of CKD induced by periodontitis is associated with the activation of beta-catenin signaling, which is known to play a role in the transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to CKD. IFN-gamma-induced activation of CTNNB1 suggests a role for the IFN signal in periodontitis-induced kidney disease progression. These findings suggest that shared signaling alterations may play a pivotal role in the pathophysiological connection between periodontitis and CKD.

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