CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES: A CASE SERIES IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN THE PHILIPPINES

 

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CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES: A CASE SERIES IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN THE PHILIPPINES

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Maisie Mae Kathleen
Mariano
Maria Camille Fonseca Baroña fonsecabarona@gmail.com East Avenue Medical Center Nephrology Quezon City Philippines -
Maisie Mae Kathleen Mariano maisiemaemariano@yahoo.com East Avenue Medical Center Nephrology Quezon City Philippines *
Roland Dela Cruz roland_delacruzmd@yahoo.com East Avenue Medical Center Nephrology Quezon City Philippines -
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses significant challenges in pregnancy, with increased risks of maternal complications, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction. The physiological changes of pregnancy can worsen renal dysfunction, particularly in women with advanced CKD or those requiring dialysis. Although pregnancy in dialysis-dependent women was once considered high risk with poor outcomes, advances in intensive hemodialysis and multidisciplinary care have improved maternal and fetal survival rates. Data from low- and middle-income countries, however, remain limited. This case series describes the clinical course and outcomes of pregnant women with CKD managed in a tertiary center in the Philippines.

We present a case series of four pregnant CKD patients managed with hemodialysis at a tertiary center in the Philippines. Maternal characteristics, clinical course, dialysis prescription, and pregnancy outcomes were reviewed to highlight management strategies and outcomes in a resource-limited setting.

All four patients had advanced CKD requiring intensified hemodialysis. Two developed early-onset preeclampsia with renal involvement, one had gestational diabetes with nephrotic-range proteinuria, and one was on maintenance dialysis prior to conception. Dialysis prescriptions ranged from four to six sessions per week, each lasting four hours, using high-flux dialyzers with individualized ultrafiltration based on amniotic fluid status.

Case 1: A 25-year-old primigravid at 34 weeks with gestational diabetes and nephrotic proteinuria delivered a live baby boy  (2,076 grams, Apgar 8/9) and remained dialysis-dependent postpartum.

Case 2: A 38-year-old G4P3 with early-onset preeclampsia delivered a live baby girl (1,582 grams, Apgar 8/9) at 34 weeks via cesarean section. She remained dialysis-dependent.

Case 3: A 34-year-old primigravid with chronic hypertension and CKD underwent cesarean section at 34 weeks for fetal distress, delivering a live baby girl (1,946 grams, Apgar 8/9), and was maintained on hemodialysis

Case 4: A 30-year-old on maintenance dialysis for one year developed superimposed preeclampsia at 28 weeks and delivered a live female infant (810 grams, Apgar 8/9).

All mothers had favorable outcomes, and all neonates were delivered alive, with three born preterm yet appropriate for gestational age. Intensive hemodialysis maintained maternal BUN <35 mg/dL, optimizing metabolic control and fluid balance.

Table 2. Pregnancy Outcomes with Chronic Kidney Disease treated with Hemodialysis

This series demonstrates that favorable maternal and fetal outcomes are achievable in pregnant women with CKD requiring hemodialysis, even in low-resource settings. Early recognition, individualized and intensified dialysis regimens, strict blood pressure and volume control, and close multidisciplinary collaboration between nephrology and obstetric teams are key to improving outcomes. Pregnancy, once considered incompatible with renal failure, can result in successful live births with careful management.

Kewords