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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a major protein-bound toxin that accumulates in patients with end stage end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is difficult to remove by standard hemodialysis. Its strong affinity for human serum albumin (HSA) due to its chemical structure impacts adsorption dynamics and hemodialysis efficiency. This study explores how IS alters HSA adsorption patterns within polyethersulfone (PES) hemodialysis membranes, providing new insight into the molecular interactions that hinder effective toxin clearance.
In situ Synchrotron Radiation Micro-Computed Tomography (SR-µCT) was conducted at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) to obtain high-resolution imaging to assess HSA adsorption in the presence and absence of IS (53 mg/L). Gold nanoparticle labelled HSA enabled visualization and quantification of adsorption across the membrane depth. Image reconstruction and quantitative layer analysis were carried out using UFO and ImageJ software to evaluate spatial variations in adsorption intensity. The adsorption of HSA was evaluated across the membrane depth, with and without IS, by examining the top, middle, and bottom regions of interest (ROIs), each containing 11 membrane layers.
The presence of IS produced a distinctly irregular adsorption profile characterized by multiple peaks and valleys throughout the membrane depth. Adsorption increased sharply in the upper layers (up to ~600,000 µ2 at layer index 7), declined through the middle region, and reappeared intermittently in deeper layers. These fluctuations indicate transient and heterogeneous binding between HSA and the PES surface, likely arising from competing hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions associated with the indole and sulfate groups of IS.
Indoxyl sulfate induces irregular, nonuniform HSA adsorption on PES hemodialysis membranes. A clearer understanding of these toxin–protein–membrane interactions can support the design of more biocompatible membranes with improved capacity to reduce IS accumulation during dialysis.
