Clinical characteristics and Outcomes of infective Spondylodiscitis in Dialysis Versus Non- Dialysis Patients: A Single-Center Analysis

 

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Clinical characteristics and Outcomes of infective Spondylodiscitis in Dialysis Versus Non- Dialysis Patients: A Single-Center Analysis

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Juan David
Valencia Castellanos
Juan David Valencia Castellanos juandvc@gmail.com St. Joseph Hospital Nephrology Berlin Germany *
Ferass Al-Zain wirbelsaeulenklinik@sjk.de St. Joseph Hospital Clinic for Spinal Surgery Berlin Germany -
Christiane Erley Christiane.Erley@davita.com DaVita Germany Nephrology Hamburg Germany -
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Spondylodiscitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral bodies, with rising incidence, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. Patients receiving chronic hemodialysis are at increased risk due to frequent vascular access procedures and a higher burden of comorbidities. This study aims to compare clinical characteristics, microbiological profiles and outcomes between patients with infective spondylodiscitis who are on chronic hemodialysis and those who are not. Additionally it seeks to evaluate the association between dialysis and the need for surgical reoperation.

We retrospectively analyzed 95 adult patients diagnosed with spondylodiscitis at a single center between January 2012 and December 2018. Patients were grouped based on dialysis status. Group comparisons were conducted using Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate. To assess the association between dialysis and the need for surgical reoperation, we constructed a logistic regression model adjusted for relevant clinical covariates.

Among the 95 patients included in this study, 17 (17.9%) were receiving chronic dialysis with a length of 15.0 (4.0 – 30.0) months. Compared to non-dialysis patients, those on dialysis had significantly higher rates of heart failure (47.1% vs. 17.6%, p=0.021), peripheral arterial disease (47.1% vs. 9.5%, p=0.001) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (41.2% vs. 17.6%, p=0.050). Microbiological differences were also observed, with dialysis patients showing a higher prevalence of infections caused by skin flora (52.9% vs. 17.6%, p=0.004) and a lower rate of negative culture results (17.6% vs. 47.9%, p=0.045). Clinical outcomes differed significantly: catheter-related infections (29.4% vs. 0%, p<0.001), antibiotic escalation (37.5% vs. 9.6%, p=0.011) and surgical reoperation (25.0% vs. 1.4%, p=0.003) were more common in the dialysis group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, dialysis was independently associated with an increased risk of surgical reoperation (OR 20.64; 95% CI 1.65–258.29; p=0.020).

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients

Patients on maintenance hemodialysis with infective spondylodiscitis exhibit a distinct clinical profile characterized by a higher burden of comorbidities and increased risk of complications, including surgical reoperation. Dialysis was independently associated with a markedly increased risk of requiring reoperation, highlighting the need for tailored management strategies in this vulnerable population.

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