ABSOLUTE LYMPHOCYTE COUNT GUIDED ATLG INDUCTION MINIMIZES DRUG EXPOSURE AND INFECTION WITHOUT COMPROMISING EARLY OUTCOMES IN INTERMEDIATE -RISK KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

 

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ABSOLUTE LYMPHOCYTE COUNT GUIDED ATLG INDUCTION MINIMIZES DRUG EXPOSURE AND INFECTION WITHOUT COMPROMISING EARLY OUTCOMES IN INTERMEDIATE -RISK KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

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Akash
Gupta
Akash Gupta akash_476@yahoo.co.in Fortis Escorts Heart Institute Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Delhi India *
Sanjeev Gulati sgulati@gmail.com Fortis Escorts Heart Institute Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Delhi India -
Ajit Narula ajit.narula@gmail.com Fortis Escorts Heart Institute Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Delhi India -
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 Fixed high-dose antithymocyte globulin (ATLG, Grafalon®) is effective for induction in intermediate-risk kidney-transplant recipients (KTR) but adds cost and may predispose to infection. We examined whether titrating ATLG according to the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) can safely reduce drug exposure while preserving early graft outcomes.

 In a prospective, single-centre cohort (January 2024 – March 2025), 58 consecutive intermediate-risk KTR received an initial 3 mg kg⁻¹ ATLG on day 0. Subsequent doses were withheld once the mean ALC fell below 500 cells µL⁻¹. All patients received standard triple maintenance immunosuppression. Outcomes through 3 months—biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) and clinically significant infection—were compared with a contemporaneous historical cohort of 27 KTR given a fixed 8 mg kg⁻¹ ATLG induction. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables; P < 0.05 denoted significance.

Dynamic dosing yielded a mean cumulative ATLG exposure of 6.45 ± 1.53 mg kg⁻¹ (≈ 20 % less than the fixed 8 mg kg⁻¹ protocol), translating into a similar proportional saving in drug expenditure.

Infection: day 7, 7/58 (12.1 %) vs 6/27 (22.2 %) (risk ratio [RR] 0.55, P = 0.35); month 1, 4/58 (6.9 %) vs 3/27 (11.1 %) (RR 0.62, P = 0.68); no infections between months 1 and 3 in either cohort.

Rejection: day 7, 1/58 (1.7 %) vs 3/27 (11.1 %) (RR 0.16, P = 0.15); month 1, 3/58 (5.2 %) vs 2/27 (7.4 %) (RR 0.70, P = 1.00); no BPAR after month 1 in either group.

No graft losses or deaths occurred during follow-up.

ALC-guided ATLG induction reduced drug consumption by one-fifth without a statistically significant increase in early rejection or infection, suggesting that this simple bedside algorithm offers a cost-saving, patient-specific alternative to fixed high-dose protocols. Larger randomised trials with longer follow-up are warranted to confirm non-inferiority and evaluate long-term outcomes.

Kewords