PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF RENAL DISEASES IN HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA

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Abstract Title *

PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF RENAL DISEASES IN HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA

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Co-author 1

Hailemariam Gebrearegay Haileeyesus hailemariam.gebrearegay@mu.edu.et mekelle university pediatrics and child health mekelle Ethiopia *

Co-author 2

Tayech Tesfaye mimitayulemi@gmail.com mekelle university pediatrics and child health mekelle Ethiopia -

Co-author 3

Ephrem Berhe eph123ber@gmail.com mekelle university internal medicine mekelle Ethiopia -

Co-author 4

Abraha Gebreegziabher abreha_gebreegiziabher@yahoo.com mekelle university pediatrics and child health mekelle Ethiopia -

Co-author 5

Hansa Haftu hansahaftu21@gmail.com mekelle university pediatrics and child health mekelle Ethiopia -

Co-author 6

Niguse Tsegay nigusetsg@gmail.com mekelle university pediatrics and child health mekelle Ethiopia -

Co-author 7

Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim mohamedawel@gmail.com mekelle university public health mekelle Ethiopia -

Co-author 8

Co-author 9

Co-author 10

Co-author 11

Co-author 12

Co-author 13

Co-author 14

Co-author 15

Introduction

Childhood renal diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, data from developing countries like Ethiopia remain limited.
This study aimed to describe the patterns and outcomes of renal diseases among children admitted to Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH) in Tigray, Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 223 children aged 1 month to 17 years who were admitted to the pediatric wards and intensive care unit (ICU) of ACSH between December 2017 and July 2020. Data were collected using a standardized tool, and consecutive sampling included all pediatric patients with renal disease and complete records. Descriptive statistics were performed using STATA 16.0, with categorical variables summarized using frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables using measures of central tendency and dispersion.

Results

Out of 8,407 pediatric admissions during the study period, 280 cases (3.3%) were due to renal diseases. Among the 223 patients with complete data, the male-to-female ratio was 2:1, and the mean age at presentation was 8.0 ± 5.2 years. Fifty-seven patients were excluded due to incomplete records. The most common diagnosis was acute glomerulonephritis (122 cases, 54.7%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (56 cases, 25.1%) and acute kidney injury (54 cases, 24.2%).

Conclusion

At the end of the study period, 143 patients (64.1%) had recovered normal renal function, 23 (10.3%) had progressed to chronic kidney disease, and 15 (6.7%) had died. Acute glomerulonephritis was the leading cause of pediatric renal disease, followed by nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury. While the majority of patients recovered, the study highlights notable morbidity and mortality. Early detection and referral are essential to reduce complications, especially considering the high cost of hemodialysis and the limited availability of peritoneal dialysis in Ethiopia. These findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen preventive nephrology services.

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