HIGH BURDEN OF PREMATURE VENTRICULAR COMPLEXES PREDICTS KIDNEY FUNCTION DECLINE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

 

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HIGH BURDEN OF PREMATURE VENTRICULAR COMPLEXES PREDICTS KIDNEY FUNCTION DECLINE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

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Chih-Hen
Yu
Chih-Hen Yu james609054@hotmail.com National Cheng Kung University Hospital Nephrology Tainan Taiwan *
Ping-Hsun Wu pinghsunwu@kmu.edu.tw Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital Nephrology Kaohsiung Taiwan -
Chao-Kuei Shih aaa9898123@gmail.com National Cheng Kung University Hospital Internal Medicine Tainan Taiwan -
Chao-Yu Chen oripast@gmail.com National Cheng Kung University Hospital Cardiology Tainan Taiwan -
Shang-Jyh Hwang sjhwang@kmu.edu.tw Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital Nephrology Kaohsiung Taiwan -
Mei-Chuan Kuo mechku@kmu.edu.tw Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital Nephrology Kaohsiung Taiwan -
Junne-Ming Sung jmsung@mail.ncku.edu.tw National Cheng Kung University Hospital Nephrology Tainan Taiwan -
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Cardiac arrhythmias are common in CKD and may accelerate renal function decline via heart–kidney crosstalk. Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), the most frequent ventricular ectopy and prevalent in CKD, may impair renal perfusion and reduce cardiac output, while CKD promotes PVCs through electrolyte imbalance, fibrosis, and uremia. High PVC burden has been linked to ventricular dysfunction, but its impact on kidney outcomes remains unclear. This multicenter study aimed to determine whether high PVC burden independently predicts accelerated kidney function decline in patients with advanced CKD.

In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, 1,804 CKD stage 3–4 patients from two tertiary hospitals in Taiwan (2009–2021) who underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring were analyzed. Patients were enrolled from Taiwan’s pre-End-Stage Renal Disease (pre-ESRD) integrated care program, a nationwide multidisciplinary management initiative providing standardized follow-up and laboratory monitoring for patients. High PVC burden was defined as >30/hr (>720/day). The primary outcome was a kidney-specific composite of sustained ≥40% eGFR decline or end-stage kidney disease (sustained eGFR <10 mL/min/1.73 m² or dialysis initiation). The secondary outcome additionally included all-cause mortality. Associations between PVC burden and outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression, Fine–Gray competing risk models, and propensity score–matched analyses, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, baseline kidney function, and chronic medications.

Over a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 695 patients (39%) reached the primary renal outcome. After comprehensive adjustmentt for demographic factors, baseline kidney function, comorbidities, and chronic medication use, high PVC burden remained independently associated with increased risk of the primary composite event (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09–1.66, p = 0.005), the secondary composite including mortality (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.51, p = 0.004), and greater annual eGFR decline (−2.53 vs. −1.68 mL/min/1.73 m²/year, p < 0.001). Each log-unit increase in daily PVC count conferred higher renal risk (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.15). Findings were consistent across competing risk and propensity score–matched analyses, with no significant effect modification across subgroups. When modeled as a continuous variable, each log-unit increase in daily PVC count was linearly associated with higher renal risk (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.15).

Table 1. Association of Premature Ventricular Contraction with Renal Outcomes


High PVC burden is independently associated with accelerated kidney function decline and increased risk of renal failure in patients with CKD. These findings highlight PVCs as a potentially modifiable arrhythmic marker contributing to cardiorenal progression, supporting early rhythm assessment and intervention in CKD care. A preliminary version of this work was presented as a poster at ASN Kidney Week 2025 (Abstract 4349959, Houston, TX).

Kewords