Large T Antigen-Specific CD4+CD25+ and CD8+IFN-g+ T Cells Suppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Low Level BK Viremia

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Large T Antigen-Specific CD4+CD25+ and CD8+IFN-g+ T Cells Suppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Low Level BK Viremia

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Co-author 1

Suwasin Udomkarnjananun suwasin.u@gmail.com Chulalongkorn University Medicine Bangkok Thailand *

Co-author 2

Wilasinee Saisorn wsaisorn@gmail.com Chulalongkorn University Microbiology Bangkok Thailand -

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Introduction

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection following kidney transplantation results from over-suppression of cellular immunity. Currently, there is no established, clinically applicable immunological assay that comprehensively monitors cellular immune responses against BKPyV, incorporating both cytokine production and T cell activation markers. Our study aimed to comprehensively assess both cytokine production and surface activation markers to differentiate kidney transplant recipients (KTR) with low-level (<3,000 copies/mL) BKPyV viremia from those without viremia.

Methods

Thirty-six participants were enrolled, comprising KTR with (BK) and without BKPyV viremia (nBK), alongside healthy controls (HC). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated using BKPyV viral capsid protein-1 (VP1) or large-T-antigen (LTA), with and without CD28/CD49d co-stimulatory antibodies. Outcomes included expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CD25, CD134, CD137, and CD154. Candidate markers were evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for diagnosing BKPyV viremia.

Results

VP1- or LTA-stimulated CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells showed optimal discriminatory power between BK and nBK groups when co-stimulated with CD28/CD49d. VP1-stimulated CD4⁺ cells differed significantly between groups in IL-2, TNF-α, CD25, and CD137, while CD8⁺ cells differed significantly in IFN-γ and CD25. LTA-stimulated CD4⁺ cells showed significant differences in TNF-α and CD25, and CD8⁺ cells differed significantly in IFN-γ and CD25. LTA-stimulated CD4⁺CD25⁺ and CD8⁺IFN-γ⁺ cells provided significant AUROC values (0.823, 95%CI 0.657-0.989, p=0.030; and 0.833, 95%CI 0.678-0.989, p=0.028, respectively) at a cutoff of >0.2% positive cells.

Conclusion

LTA-stimulated CD4⁺CD25⁺ and CD8⁺IFN-γ⁺ T cells differentiated KTR with and without low-level BKPyV viremia, representing promising markers for early clinical diagnostics and future studies.

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