Proximal Tubular Hypertrophy as an Independent Prognostic Marker in Overt Diabetic Nephropathy: A Retrospective Biopsy-Based Study

 

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Proximal Tubular Hypertrophy as an Independent Prognostic Marker in Overt Diabetic Nephropathy: A Retrospective Biopsy-Based Study

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Akane
Miura
Akane Miura akaneeeee0808@gmail.com The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Tokyo Japan *
Masahiro Okabe mokabe@jikei.ac.jp The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Tokyo Japan -
Takaya Sasaki takayang913@gmail.com The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Tokyo Japan -
Yusuke Okabayashi kmckr843@yahoo.co.jp The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Tokyo Japan -
Kotaro Haruhara kspring00712@gmail.com The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Tokyo Japan -
Nobuo Tsuboi nobuotsuboi@gmail.com The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Tokyo Japan -
Takashi Yokoo tyokoo14@gmail.com The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Tokyo Japan -
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Although glomerular pathology is a defining feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN), tubular alterations, particularly proximal tubular hypertrophy, have been increasingly recognized as contributors to disease progression. This study aimed to determine whether proximal tubular hypertrophy is independently associated with adverse kidney outcomes in overt DN.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 75 patients with biopsy-confirmed overt DN. Proximal tubular diameter was quantified morphometrically from cortical biopsy specimens. The primary outcome was a composite of ≥50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to assess outcome associations. Covariates included age, sex, baseline CKD stage, proteinuria, and CKD stage.

The study cohort had a median age of 55 years, 83% were male, and baseline eGFR was 40 mL/min/1.73m². Over a median follow-up of 1.9 years, 52 patients reached the composite outcome. Larger proximal tubular diameter was significantly associated with poorer kidney survival (log-rank P < 0.01) (Figure). Importantly, this association remained statistically significant even after adjustment for key clinical factors including proteinuria and baseline CKD stage (adjusted HR per 1 µm increase: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.004–1.17; P = 0.04).

Proximal tubular hypertrophy is an independent predictor of kidney function decline in overt DN, beyond the effects of proteinuria and baseline eGFR. These findings highlight the underappreciated prognostic significance of tubular remodeling in diabetic kidney disease and support its inclusion in biopsy-based risk stratification.

Kewords