INITIAL EXPERIENCE WITH IV BELIMUMAB IN LUPUS NEPHRITIS PATIENTS with ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND FREQUENT RELAPSES: A CASE SERIES FROM SINGLE TERTIARY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/64e22ae6250df709bc784b22a3bbaaa6.pdf
INITIAL EXPERIENCE WITH IV BELIMUMAB IN LUPUS NEPHRITIS PATIENTS with ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND FREQUENT RELAPSES: A CASE SERIES FROM SINGLE TERTIARY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

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Khai Vern
Poon
Khai Vern Poon khaivern@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia *
Chang Chuan Chew changchuan@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Kok Peng Ng kokpeng@um.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Soo Kun Lim limsk@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Chee Keong Thye thyeck@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Soo Ying Yew syyew@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Jun Min Em junmin@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Elisya Liyana Abdullah elisya@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Shok Hoon Ooi shok.hoon@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Maisarah Jalalonmuhali maisarahj@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Wan Ahmad Hafiz Wan Md Adnan ahmad.hafiz@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Chew Ming Wong cmwong@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Yee Wan Lee ywlee@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Chye Chung Gan ccgan@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -
Shian Feng Cheng shianfeng@ummc.edu.my University Malaya Medical Center Nephrology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia -

Belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B-cell activating factor (BAFF), is one of the recently approved biologic adjunct in the management of lupus nephritis (LN) following its robust efficacy from the BLISS-LN trial. However, real world data remain limited among LN patients with AKI (particularly those with eGFR < 30 mls/min/1.73m2) or those with frequent relapses. We aim to report our single center experience on the outcomes of IV belimumab in these two challenging LN cohorts.

A retrospective study was conducted between January 2024 and October 2025, on LN patients initiated on IV Belimumab. Patients were classified into two cohorts:

Cohort 1 (n=3): Biopsy proven LN patients who developed AKI with eGFR < 30 mls/min/1.73m2.

Cohort 2 (n=6): Biopsy proven LN patients with frequent relapses, defined as ≥ 2 renal relapses within 36 months despite standard immunosuppression therapy.

Clinical and biochemical parameters such as serum creatinine, eGFR, albumin, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (uPCR), and urine soluble CD163 were collected at baseline and at latest follow-up post belimumab.

Table 1: Summary of findings in AKI cohortTable 2: Summary of findings in frequent relapse cohort

All patients were female with mean age of 30 years. Median duration of follow-up is 9 months.

In the AKI cohort, there was improvement of eGFR from mean of 22 to 37 mls/min/1.73m2, with concomitant increase in serum albumin. Most patients also demonstrated 10-14% relative reduction proteinuria reduction following belimumab therapy. All patients demonstrated reduction in urine soluble CD163 that is more pronounced with higher IV belimumab doses. One patient developed herpes zoster infection after tenth dose of IV Belimumab.

Among the frequent relapsers, mean eGFR improved from 98.8 to 107.5 mls/min/1.73m2 , 3 out of 6 patients achieved reduction in proteinuria with resolution of hypoalbuminemia. All patients demonstrated reduction in urine soluble CD163. Most of the patients in this cohort received 4 doses of belimumab or less. None developed severe infection or infusion reaction.

Our experience with belimumab suggests its feasibility, preliminary efficacy and tolerability in treating LN patients with AKI and frequent relapses. Findings from this case series support the role of belimumab as an adjunct in difficult-to-treat lupus nephritis, warranting longer follow-up and multicentre validation.

Kewords