Β-OXIDATION AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN THE MITOPHAGY-MEDIATED MITOCHONDRIAL QUALITY CONTROL MECHANISM IN THE RENAL CORTEX DURING THE NORMOALBUMINURIC STAGE OF DIABETES MELLITUS

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/da23e21c87f25006ef9ccb0f87cc980b.pdf
Β-OXIDATION AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN THE MITOPHAGY-MEDIATED MITOCHONDRIAL QUALITY CONTROL MECHANISM IN THE RENAL CORTEX DURING THE NORMOALBUMINURIC STAGE OF DIABETES MELLITUS

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Naokazu
Sato
Naokazu Sato na.0893.58@gmail.com Kitasato University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Molecular Medical Biology Sagamihara Japan *
Hakumei Chin chin.hakumei@st.kitasato-u.ac.jp Kitasato University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Molecular Medical Biology Sagamihara Japan -
Hiroyuki Takahashi hitakaha@med.kitasato-u.ac.jp Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences Sagamihara Japan -
Yoshifumi Kurosaki kuro96@kitasato-u.ac.jp Kitasato University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Molecular Medical Biology Sagamihara Japan - Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences Sagamihara Japan
Akemi Imoto imoto@kitasato-u.ac.jp Kitasato University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Molecular Medical Biology Sagamihara Japan - Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences Sagamihara Japan
Ryota Miura miura.ryota@st.kitasato-u.ac.jp Kitasato University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Molecular Medical Biology Sagamihara Japan -
Hideaki Suzuki hideaki@fmu.ac.jp Fukushima Medical University Clinical Laboratory Sciences Fukushima Japan -
Taro Sugase kuma.ni.tyui@gmail.com Seiikai Medical Clinic NASU Nephrology Ohtawara Japan -
Akihiro Nakagomi nakagomi.s100a8@gmail.com AMS Marunouchi Palace Building Clinic Internal Medicine Chiyoda-ku Japan -
Masanori Yokoba myoko@kitasato-u.ac.jp Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences Sagamihara Japan -
Pamela K. Carmines pcarmines@unmc.edu University of Nebraska Medical Center Cellular and Integrative Physiology Omaha United States -
Takafumi Ichikawa t.ichika@kitasato-u.ac.jp Kitasato University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Molecular Medical Biology Sagamihara Japan - Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences Sagamihara Japan
Tsuneo Takenaka takenaka@ihwg.jp International University of Health & Welfare School of Medicine Minato-ku Japan -
Masato Katagiri mkata@kitasato-u.ac.jp Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences Sagamihara Japan -
Naohito Ishii naohito3@ahs.kitasato-u.ac.jp Kitasato University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Molecular Medical Biology Sagamihara Japan - Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences Sagamihara Japan

Renal cortical mitochondria are damaged by oxidative stress even during the normoalbuminuric stage of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) (Clin Sci 124:543-52, 2013). Damaged mitochondria are known to be removed via multiple mechanisms including mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). However, the changes of β-oxidation and glucose metabolism associated with mitophagy in the renal cortex remain poorly understood. The objective of this research is to investigate fatty acids related to β-oxidation, which is responsible for energy production in mitochondria, the dynamics of carnitine that transports these fatty acids, and glucose metabolism in the renal cortex.

Four groups of rats (n=5 per group) received one of the following treatments: 1) streptozotocin (STZ) group: rats with DM induced by STZ injection (STZ, 65 mg/kg, i.v.); 2) Sham group: rats receiving the STZ vehicle; 3) STZ+TLM group: STZ rats treated with telmisartan (TLM, an angiotensin receptor blocker; 10 mg/kg/day in chow); and 4) Sham+TLM group: TLM-treated Sham rats. Two weeks later, blood glucose levels, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urinary excretion of albumin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured in each rat. Renal cortex homogenates were assayed for 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT, an oxidative stress marker measured by HPLC), and Western blotting was used to quantify proteins related to mitophagy (LC3-II, p62, PINK1, BNIP3), β-oxidation (CPT2, ACADVL, HADHA), and glucose metabolism (HK2, PCK1). Furthermore, carnitine and acylcarnitine in the renal cortex and plasma, as well as ω-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA), and ω-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid) were evaluated.

Blood glucose levels and GFR were higher in STZ rats than in Sham rats (P<0.05) and were not affected by TLM. Blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion, and urinary NAG excretion were unaltered by STZ or TLM. Renal cortical 3-NT levels were increased in STZ rats (P<0.05), and this change was prevented by TLM (P<0.05). STZ rats had increased renal cortical LC3-II and PINK1 protein levels compared with Sham rats (P<0.05), with these effects prevented by TLM (P<0.05). STZ rats had increased renal cortical HADHA and PCK1 protein levels compared with Sham rats (P<0.05). p62, BNIP3, CPT2, ACADVL, and HK2 did not differ among groups.

In the renal cortex, DM-induced mitophagy was associated with a metabolic shift from ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids, increased acylcarnitine levels, enhanced β-oxidation, and gluconeogenesis. These were blunted by the antioxidant effects of TLM, suggesting that they may be closely related mitochondrial quality control mechanisms triggered by oxidative damage during the normoalbuminuric stage of DM.

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