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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by structural or functional impairment of the myocardium, leading to inadequate ventricular filling or ejection of blood. Classification is based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) into heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The blood urea nitrogen to creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio reflects neurohormonal activation and hemodynamic regulation in heart failure. Previous studies have shown that elevated BUN/Cr ratios are associated with worse prognosis, particularly in patients with HFpEF and HFrEF. This study aimed to analyze the BUN/Cr ratio as a potential predictive biomarker in patients with acute heart failure according to ejection fraction categories.
This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of heart failure patients treated at the Integrated Heart Centre of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, who met the inclusion criteria of heart failure diagnosis and exclusion of diseases that can increase urea/creatinine levels, such as malignancy, chronic liver disease, and chronic kidney disease. Blood samples were analyzed to determine the BUN/Cr ratio (normal: 10:1–20:1; high: >20:1; low: <10:1). Echocardiography was used to classify heart failure as HFrEF (LVEF ≤40%), HFmrEF (41–49%), or HFpEF (≥50%). Statistical analyses included Pearson or Spearman correlation tests to assess the relationship between the BUN/Cr ratio and ejection fraction, and ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests to compare differences across EF groups.
A total of 456 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 58.16 ± 10.9 years. Most were male (368; 80.7%), and 88 (19.3%) were female. Based on ejection fraction, 188 patients (41.2%) had HFrEF, 149 (32.7%) had HFmrEF, and 119 (26.1%) had HFpEF. The most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (261; 57.2%), followed by dyslipidemia (171; 37.5%) and diabetes mellitus (146; 32%). The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference in BUN/Cr ratios among EF groups (p < 0.05). The mean BUN/Cr ratio was 41.25 ± 22.41 in the HFpEF group, 45.56 ± 24.63 in the HFmrEF group, and 48.94 ± 28.10 in the HFrEF group. These findings indicate a progressive increase in BUN/Cr ratio with decreasing ejection fraction.
A significant negative correlation was found between the BUN/Creatinine ratio and ejection fraction (p < 0.05), suggesting that higher BUN/Cr ratios are associated with lower ejection fraction values in heart failure patients.
