HEPCIDIN LEVELS ACROSS VARIOUS STAGES OF PEDIATRIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ANEMIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

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HEPCIDIN LEVELS ACROSS VARIOUS STAGES OF PEDIATRIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ANEMIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

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Co-author 1

Siddharth Chakraborty zionxl037@gmail.com Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Pediatrics Chandigarh India -

Co-author 2

Sunil Kushwah drsunilkushwah04@gmail.com Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Pediatric Nephrology Chandigarh India -

Co-author 3

Lesa Dawman lesadawman@gmail.com Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Pediatric Nephrology Chandigarh India -

Co-author 4

Prateek Bhatia prateekbhatia16@gmail.com Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Pediatrics Chandigarh India -

Co-author 5

Karalanglin Tiewsoh ktiewsoh@rediffmail.com Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Pediatric Nephrology Chandigarh India *

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Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) severely affects quality of life, with anemia being a major complication linked to poor outcomes and disease progression. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism, contributes to anemia by limiting iron availability. Understanding hepcidin's role in pediatric CKD may aid in developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study included 80 children aged between 1 to 12 years with CKD stages 1 to 5, recruited from the Pediatric Nephrology Unit at PGIMER, Chandigarh. Detailed clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory assessments were performed, including hemoglobin, iron profile and serum hepcidin (measured using ELISA). Anemia was defined using WHO and KDIGO guidelines, and statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 16.

Results

The mean age of participants was 78.06 ± 44.45 months, with a male predominance (69%). Anemia was present in 100% of participants, though severe anemia (<7 g/dL) was observed in only 4%. Mean serum hepcidin levels progressively increased with advancing CKD stage: stage I (6.27 ± 8.27 ng/mL), stage II (5.62 ± 5.87), stage III (8.28 ± 6.8), stage IV (20.11 ± 30.2), and stage V (35.48 ± 43.52), with a statistically significant trend (p = 0.0001). Hepcidin correlated positively with serum creatinine (r = 0.35, p = 0.001), but showed no significant correlation with hemoglobin or iron indices (serum iron, ferritin, TSAT, TIBC; p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Serum hepcidin levels rose significantly with CKD progression in children, reflecting impaired renal clearance and inflammation, but were not directly associated with hemoglobin or iron parameters. These findings suggest that hepcidin may serve as a valuable biomarker for CKD staging rather than anemia severity. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to explore its role in guiding anemia management and predicting treatment response in pediatric CKD.

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