CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY WITH AND WITHOUT RETINOPATHY

 

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CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY WITH AND WITHOUT RETINOPATHY

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Ayako
Ikenouchi
Ayako Ikenouchi ikenouchiayako@gmail.com Nippon Medical School Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology Tokyo Japan *
Megumi Morita f-megumi@nms.ac.jp Nippon Medical School Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Fumihiko Yasuda f-yasuda@nms.ac.jp Nippon Medical School Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Analytic Human Pathology Tokyo Japan -
Akiko Mii m-akiko@nms.ac.jp Nippon Medical School Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Akira Shimizu ashimizu@nms.ac.jp Nippon Medical School Analytic Human Pathology Tokyo Japan -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The microangiopathies of diabetic nephropathy may include progressive structural disintegrated microangiopathy resulting in diffuse and nodular glomerular lesions, as well as functional impairment microangiopathy that lead to an inability to retain plasma proteins in the vasculature, leading to glomerular hyaline caps, capsular drops, and hyalinosis of afferent and efferent arterioles. The purpose of this study was to explore the two aspects of diabetic microangiopathies by investigating the degree of functional impairment in structurally disintegrated diabetic nephropathy among patients with and without retinopathy.

We reviewed cases of patients with diabetes who had undergone both fundus examination and renal biopsy. After excluding 11 cases with other glomerular diseases and 7 cases with Class IIa or IIb diabetic nephropathy, 22 cases classified as Class III or Class IV were included for analysis, aiming to clarify the clinical and pathological characteristics associated with the presence or absence of retinopathy in cases of pathologically progressed diabetic nephropathy (Classes III or IV; RPS2010).

Clinically, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex, BMI, mean blood pressure, duration of hypertension, renal function, proteinuria, HbA1c, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels. However, patients with retinopathy were significantly younger (median age 55.0 [IQR 43.3-62.5] vs. 72.5 [69.8-74.8] years, p=0.005) and had a longer duration of diabetes (8.5 [2.0-17.8] vs. 0.5 [0-1.3] years, p=0.026) compared with those without retinopathy. Pathologically, fibrin caps and capsular drops were observed in 61% and 33% in the retinopathy group, respectively, whereas neither lesion was present in patients without retinopathy. Organization of exudative lesions in Bowman’s capsule and afferent arterioles were observed only in the retinopathy group. Furthermore, hyalinosis of small arterioles was observed in both groups (afferent arterioles: median 18.1 [15.3-32.7]% vs. 5.2 [4.6-11.9]%, p = 0.081; efferent arterioles: mean 29.7 ± 36.1% vs. 7.5 ± 15.0%, p = 0.073). Hyalinosis of polar vasculosis was significantly more extensive in the retinopathy group (mean 26.5 ± 31.7% vs. 2.2 ± 4.4%, p=0.005).

The development of diabetic nephropathy involves both structural disintegration and functional impairment of the renal microvasculature. These findings indicate that although patients without retinopathy may progress to structurally advanced nephropathy, their degree of functional impairment is milder than that observed in patients with retinopathy. This suggests that the presence of diabetic retinopathy may serve as a marker for more advanced microvascular damage in diabetic nephropathy. 

Kewords