Functional analyses of X-linked Alport syndrome in rats and the strain-dependent progression of kidney disease

 

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Functional analyses of X-linked Alport syndrome in rats and the strain-dependent progression of kidney disease

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Makoto
Matsuyama
Makoto Matsuyama matsuyama@shigei.or.jp Shigei Medical Research Institute Division of Molecular Genetics Okayama Japan *
Masumi Namba namba@shigei.or.jp Shigei Medical Research Institute Division of Molecular Genetics Okayama Japan -
Mayumi Kohno kohno@shigei.or.jp Shigei Medical Research Institute Division of Molecular Genetics Okayama Japan -
Tomoe Kobayashi kobayashi@shigei.or.jp Shigei Medical Research Institute Division of Molecular Genetics Okayama Japan -
Hiroaki Hiramatsu hhiramatsu@shigei.or.jp Shigei Medical Research Institute Division of Molecular Genetics Okayama Japan -
Takayuki Koyano koyano@shigei.or.jp Shigei Medical Research Institute Division of Molecular Genetics Okayama Japan -
Masaki Fukushima fukushima@shigei.or.jp Shigei Medical Research Institute Division of Molecular Genetics Okayama Japan -
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Alport syndrome is a basement membrane disorder, characterized by hereditary nephropathy that results in irreversible, progressive renal failure. In the past decades, several Alport syndrome animal models have been produced in mice. The knockout mice for Col4α3, Col4α4, and Col4α5 have been developed and well characterized. The disease progression and pharmacological therapy were shown to genetic variability in the human patients. However, in spite of variabilities displayed in the genetic background, only a few mammalian models of Alport syndrome have been established.

We recently developed a novel method called Genome-editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery (GONAD); a in vivo genome editing system that does not require ex vivo handling of embryos. In this study, we produced a novel Alport syndrome rat model using the rat GONAD technology, and investigated whether there are differences in the progression of glomerular disease among different rat strains.

Type IV Collagen α5 deficient rats were produced by the rGONAD method as previously described (Namba et al., Sci. Rep., 2021). All measurements of proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Cre) were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocols.

We developed Col4α5 deficient mutant rats of the WKY, SD, DA, and F344 strains, identical to the Col4α5 G5X mutant mice. Col4α5 deficient rats exhibited hematuria, proteinuria, high levels of BUN, and CRE, and histological and ultrastructural analyses displayed the abnormalities including parietal cell hyperplasia, mesangial sclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis. Then, we demonstrated that α3/α4/α5 (IV) and α5/α5/α6 (IV) chains of type IV collagen were disrupted in the Col4α5 deficient rats. However, we found that there were strain-specific differences in the lifespan of the Col4α5 deficient rats. In the WKY rat strain, all hemizygous mutant males died from 18 to 28 weeks of age. In contrast, in the SD, DA and F344 rat strains, the lifespan of the hemizygous mutant males was much longer than that of the WKY males. To identify the QTL(s) affecting susceptibility to the lifespan in the Col4α5 deficient rats, we are currently examining the sequence differences in each rat's genome.

We first established the rat GONAD method for generating genome-edited rats, and described the generation of a novel rat model of Alport syndrome. Col4α5 deficient rats revealed typical physiological, pathological, and also histological characteristics of Alport syndrome. Moreover, we found that the progression of kidney disease in Aloprt rats differs depending on the rat strain. Thus, Col4α5 mutant rat is a reliable candidate for an Alport syndrome model animal for underlying the mechanism of renal diseases and further identifying potential therapeutic targets for human renal diseases.

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