BETWEEN STONES AND CYSTS: A HIDDEN SLC34A1 MUTATION MIMICKING AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/e52401fb666bf944131cb9e87b8f7db2.pdf
BETWEEN STONES AND CYSTS: A HIDDEN SLC34A1 MUTATION MIMICKING AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE

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Daiana
Garcia
Daiana Garcia daianamagali11@gmail.com Hospital Central Deparment of Nephrology Mendoza Argentina *
Jimena Camus mariajimenacamus@gmail.com Hospital Central Deparment of Nephrology Mendoza Argentina -
Vanesa Moya mvanesamoya@gmail.com Hospital Central Deparment of Nephrology Mendoza Argentina -
Lucia Zarate luciaazg@yahoo.com.ar Hospital Central Deparment of Nephrology Mendoza Argentina -
Viviana Citro vacitro@hotmail.com Hospital Central Deparment of Nephrology Mendoza Argentina -
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Hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis (NPHLOP1) is a rare autosomal dominant renal tubular disorder caused by SLC34A1 mutations, leading to phosphate wasting, hypercalciuria, and recurrent nephrolithiasis. Recently, SLC34A1 variants have also been linked to cystic kidney phenotypes, mimicking autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We present a familial case of a novel SLC34A1 mutation in a dialysis patient initially suspected of ADPKD, highlighting the importance of genetic testing in atypical cystic kidney disease.

A 57-year-old male with end-stage kidney disease (RRT since 2003) and multiple bilateral renal cysts and nephrocalcinosis on abdominal CT was evaluated for persistent hypophosphatemia. His history included multiple nephrolithiasis, genu varum, and subtotal parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Family history revealed a mother and sister with kidney failure of unclear etiology. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 18 phosphate-metabolism genes was performed using a targeted panel.

Molecular analysis identified a heterozygous splice-site variant SLC34A1 c.109+1G>A (chr5:177385851 G>A), classified as “likely pathogenic” (ClinVar ID 1479198). The variant affects the type IIa sodium-phosphate cotransporter, resulting in renal phosphate wasting and a phenotype of dominant hypophosphatemic nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis. Notably, the presence of multiple cysts suggested a phenotypic overlap with ADPKD. Ten offspring are undergoing genetic testing for early identification and preventive management.

This case broadens the phenotypic spectrum of SLC34A1-related disease, showing that phosphate-wasting tubulopathy may coexist with or mimic polycystic kidney disease. Recognition of SLC34A1 mutations as a potential differential diagnosis for ADPKD phenocopies is crucial for accurate counseling, family screening, and personalized therapeutic strategies.

Kewords