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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Kidney transplantation improves survival and quality of life; nevertheless, many recipients retain chronic kidney disease (CKD) and remain at risk for hypertension and proteinuria. Dietary therapy is well established in non-transplant CKD, whereas the evidence in kidney transplant recipients is limited and guideline statements remain cautious. This study synthesized interventional evidence on protein restriction and salt restriction in kidney transplant recipients.
We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE (inception to 26 April 2024) and Ichushi-Web. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or crossover trials (COTs) evaluating dietary protein or salt restriction in kidney transplant recipients. Outcomes of interest were allograft function or survival and mortality; proteinuria or albuminuria; blood pressure (BP); and safety, including rejection and nutritional harm. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Effects were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool, and the certainty of evidence was appraised using GRADE. This study forms part of the revision of the Japanese Renal Rehabilitation Guideline.
From 366 records, six studies met inclusion criteria: protein restriction (n=4; 3 COTs, 1 RCT) and salt restriction (n=2; 1 COT, 1 RCT). Trials were small and brief (11 days to 24 months).
Protein restriction: Across these trials, participants commonly had impaired graft function (serum creatinine 1.6–3.5 mg/dL) and prevalent proteinuria (up to 2.5 g/day). No study reported effects on allograft survival, mortality, or cardiovascular events. One RCT observed no increase in acute rejection versus control. Meta-analysis showed significant reductions in total urinary protein (3 COTs; −0.35 g/day, 95% CI −0.65 to −0.06; p=0.02) and albuminuria (2 COTs; −0.26 g/day, 95% CI −0.45 to −0.08; p=0.006). Between-group differences were not detected for glomerular filtration rate or serum creatinine. Surrogate safety markers, including body weight and serum albumin, showed no adverse signal.
Salt restriction: Two studies that restricted salt intake to 2.9–5.84 g/day demonstrated clinically meaningful BP reductions: systolic BP −13.26 mmHg (95% CI −18.96 to −7.55) and diastolic BP −7.34 mmHg (95% CI −11.20 to −3.50), with no difference in serum creatinine versus control.
Quality of evidence: Statistical heterogeneity was low across pooled outcomes. The overall certainty was very low, reflecting small sample sizes, short follow-up, potential carryover in COTs, and non-standardized outcome definitions.
In kidney transplant recipients, protein restriction is associated with reductions in proteinuria and albuminuria without evidence of nutritional harm, and salt restriction is associated with substantial BP lowering without clear effects on serum creatinine. These findings support careful, dietitian-supervised implementation for proteinuric or hypertensive recipients, while contemporary, adequately powered RCTs remain essential to define effects on patient-centred and graft outcomes.
