DE NOVO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC LUPUS: AN UNFORESEEN SeQUELA DURING INITIAL IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN FOCAL NEPHRITIS CLASS III AND MASSIVE HEMORHAGIC POLYSEROSITIS

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/21aeec57899c0d95f7510f2d1bea1a03.pdf
DE NOVO NEUROPSYCHIATRIC LUPUS: AN UNFORESEEN SeQUELA DURING INITIAL IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN FOCAL NEPHRITIS CLASS III AND MASSIVE HEMORHAGIC POLYSEROSITIS

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Atma
Gunawan
Aries Dwi Lestari aries.internist@gmail.com nephrology departement nephrology Malang Indonesia -
Atma Gunawan aries.internist@gmail.com nephrology nephrology malang Indonesia *
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) involves severe, multi-organ flares, with Neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) being a critical complication. We report a compelling case in a 20-year-old male where NPSLE developed de novo after the commencement of initial high dose immunosuppressive therapy for a pathologically complex lupus flare. 

The patient was admitted with an active SLE flare presenting with nephrotic syndrome (UACR 13,867 mg/g; initial Urea 102 mg/dL), severe anemia (Hb 7.2 g/dL), and massive hemorrhagic pleural effusion (evacuation of 2250 cc). Initial serology confirmed high activity (ANA 1:400; low C3/C4), and management was complicated by refractory hypoalbuminemia (Albumin 2.2 g/dL, dropping to 1.9 g/dL). Kidney biopsy confirmed Focal Lupus Nephritis Class III (ISN/RPS) (Activity Index 7/24). Initial induction (Day 1-3) was Methylprednisolone (MP) pulse (250 mg/day). Crucially, the patient was neurologically intact at admission. However, on Day 7 of hospitalization, the patient developed acute NPSLE (incoherent speech).

Due to the emergence of NPSLE, a second, sequential course of MP pulse therapy (3 days x 250 mg/day) was immediately administered as salvage treatment, along with Risperidone (1x0.5 mg). This aggressive intervention led to a complete and rapid resolution of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. Upon 1-month follow-up post-discharge, the patient demonstrated a dramatic renal response: UACR decreased significantly to 523.03 mg/g, with normalization of renal function (Urea 28.1 mg/dL, Creatinine 0.6 mg/dL). 

This case highlights the potential for new, life-threatening SLE manifestations (NPSLE) to emerge during the acute treatment phase of other severe flares (LN Class III). The successful and rapid reversal of NPSLE symptoms, coupled with demonstrable renal improvement, achieved with the sequential second MP pulse regimen validates this strategy as a critical, effective approach for managing the evolving spectrum of severe lupus.

Kewords