Main Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease Identified Among Volunteers During the World Kidney Day Campaign in São Paulo (Brazil) and Promotion of Lifestyle Changes

 

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Main Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease Identified Among Volunteers During the World Kidney Day Campaign in São Paulo (Brazil) and Promotion of Lifestyle Changes

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Marcos
Hashimoto
Marcos Hashimoto marcos.vsh1909@gmail.com Universidade Nove de Julho Student of the Medicine Program São Paulo Brazil *
Mariana Pereira marianabpereira@yahoo.com.br Universidade Nove de Julho Member of the Medicine Program São Paulo Brazil -
Benedito Pereira beneditojp@uni9.pro.br Universidade Nove de Julho Member of the Medicine Program São Paulo Brazil -
Cristina Capeloa cristina.capeloa@uni9.pro.br Universidade Nove de Julho Member of the Nursing Program São Paulo Brazil -
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and asymptomatic

condition, often diagnosed at advanced stages. In this context, laboratory monitoring of

biomarkers plays a crucial role in prevention and early treatment. The main risk factors

include Body Mass Index (BMI), lifestyle, waist circumference, and other comorbidities such

as Hypertension (HTN) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). During the 2025 World Kidney Day

(WKD) campaign, organized by an Academic Nephrology League, clinical and laboratory

screening was performed on volunteers to raise awareness about CKD and its

complications, aiming to prevent disease progression and delayed diagnosis.


A clinical study was conducted using data collected

during the WKD campaign held at a university in São Paulo (Brazil). Data were obtained

from volunteers, including university students and institutional staff. Participants completed a

questionnaire addressing demographic data, medical history, and lifestyle habits. Blood

pressure (BP), capillary blood glucose, weight, height, waist circumference, BMI, capillary

serum creatinine, and urinalysis were measured.

 A total of 104 volunteers were evaluated, with a mean age of 30.50 ± 15.15

years, predominantly women (76%). Sixteen volunteers were referred for specialized

follow-up due to elevated serum creatinine levels (> 1.1 mg/dL for women and > 1.3 mg/dL

for men). However, risk factors such as high BMI, increased waist circumference, and

positive personal or family history highlight the urgent need for lifestyle modification. The

mean BMI was 27.5 ± 5.59 kg/m²

, and the mean waist circumference was 93.8 ± 14.62 cm.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) was observed in 7.7% and Systemic Arterial Hypertension

(SAH) in 11% of participants. Regarding family history (FH), 50% reported T2DM, 69.3%

reported SAH, and 13.5% reported kidney disease. Additionally, 12% were smokers and

30.7% reported alcohol consumption, primarily beer

Although laboratory evaluation is essential for CKD diagnosis and

staging, assessing risk factors is equally relevant for prevention through lifestyle

modification. Considering that the mean BMI indicates overweight, the mean waist

circumference is elevated—especially among women—and that personal and family

comorbidities are frequent, it is necessary to reinforce health education and encourage

lifestyle changes such as regular physical activity, balanced diet, and reduction of smoking

and alcohol consumption. Managing underlying conditions significantly reduces the

incidence of new CKD cases

Kewords