PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF REDUCED KIDNEY FUNCTION AMONG ADULTS SCREENED DURING WORLD KIDNEY DAY 2025 IN KAZAKHSTAN: FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH POINT-OF-CARE CREATININE TESTING

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/791db3cc2bd15ff7c80e585a29d28d45.pdf
PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF REDUCED KIDNEY FUNCTION AMONG ADULTS SCREENED DURING WORLD KIDNEY DAY 2025 IN KAZAKHSTAN: FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH POINT-OF-CARE CREATININE TESTING

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Abduzhappar
Gaipov
Zhanat Kuanshaliyeva kuanshalieva.zh@gmail.com CF Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine Astana Kazakhstan -
Alimzhan Muxunov alimzhan.muxunov@nu.edu.kz Nazarbayev University School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences Astana Kazakhstan -
Venera Altynova venera.altynova@umc.org.kz CF Department of Medical and Regulatory Affairs Astana Kazakhstan -
Zhanna Kozybayeva zh.kozybayeva@icloud.com CF Department of Complicated Somatics Astana Kazakhstan -
Meruyert Madikenova mmadikenova@nu.edu.kz Nazarbayev University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Astana Kazakhstan -
Doskhan Kozhakhmet doskhan.kozhakhmet@nu.edu.kz Nazarbayev University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Astana Kazakhstan -
Samat Suleimenov samat.suleimenov@nu.edu.kz Nazarbayev University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Astana Kazakhstan -
Rakhat Rysbek r.rysbek@umc.org.kz CF Department of Urology, Nephrology, and Transplantation Astana Kazakhstan -
Abduzhappar Gaipov abduzhappar.gaipov@nu.edu.kz Nazarbayev University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Astana Kazakhstan *
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains underdiagnosed in Kazakhstan due to limited screening opportunities and low public awareness. To address this gap, we conducted an opportunistic community screening during World Kidney Day 2025, using a portable creatinine meter, the country’s first use of point-of-care testing for kidney function.

A total of 721 adults aged ≥18 years were recruited opportunistically from passersby at several urban polyclinics in Astana, Kazakhstan during World Kidney Day on March 14, 2025. Serum creatinine was measured immediately at the point of care using a portable point-of-care creatinine meter, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI 2021 equation. CKD stages were defined according to KDIGO criteria, and reduced kidney function was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m². Associations between reduced eGFR and risk factors (age, sex, BMI, family history of CKD, hypertension, and diabetes) were examined using logistic regression.

Participants’ mean age was 51.3 ± 14.6 years, 76.1% were female, and mean BMI was 28.7 ± 6.0 kg/m². The mean eGFR was 74.0 ± 21.4 mL/min/1.73m², with 26.9% of participants classified as CKD stages 3–5. eGFR was inversely correlated with age (ρ = −0.53, p < 0.001) and BMI (ρ = −0.19, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, older age independently predicted reduced eGFR (OR 1.08 per year; 95% CI 1.06–1.10; p < 0.001). Hypertension and diabetes were significant in univariate analyses but not after adjustment.

More than one in four adults screened with a point-of-care creatinine meter had reduced kidney function, revealing a substantial hidden burden of CKD. This first experience with portable kidney testing demonstrates the feasibility of rapid community-based screening and highlights the need for broader implementation to enable early CKD detection in Kazakhstan.

 

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