MEASURING THE EFFECT OF REMOTE MONITORING ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS OUTCOMES

 

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MEASURING THE EFFECT OF REMOTE MONITORING ON PERITONEAL DIALYSIS OUTCOMES

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Stephen
McDonald
Stephen McDonald stephen.mcdonald@sa.gov.au ANZDATA Registry SAHMRI Adelaide Australia *
Annie Conway annie@anzdata.org.au ANZDATA Registry SAHMRI Adelaide Australia -
Jarrad Hopkins jarrad.hopkins@sa.gov.au Flinders Medical Centre Renal Unit Adelaide Australia -
David Johnson david.johnson2@health.qld.gov.au Princess Alexandra Hospital Renal Unit Brisbane Australia -
Kamal Sud Kamal.Sud@health.nsw.gov.au Nepean Blue Mountains Hospital Renal Unit Sydney Australia -
Jenny Chen jennyhengchen.chen@health.nsw.gov.au Wollongong Hospital Renal Unit Wollongong Australia -
Neil Boudville neil.boudville@uwa.edu.au University of Western Australia Medicine Perth Australia -
Michelle Ovenden michelle.ovenden@sa.gov.au Royal Adelaide Hospital Renal unit Adelaide Australia -
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Remote monitoring of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) offers the opportunity to provide substantial information available to patients’ clinical teams in real time. The Vantive (previously Baxter) HomeChoice Claria cycler uploads information to the Sharesource database.  Work to date has included the linkage of these data to the ANZDATA Registry, characterization of the frequency and type of alerts and demonstration of a relationship between alert frequency and outcomes. However, the impact of the availability of this information to treating units on patient outcomes is not clear.

In Australia, APD is the dominant PD modality, and the Vantive HomeChoice Claria APD machine is the predominant cycler. This device was introduced to treating centres in a staggered fashion from late 2016. The introduction of remote monitoring was implemented with education for clinical units in access and use of the interactive patient portal, but there were no standardised interventions or guidelines introduced for various 

We utilised a difference-in-differences event-study design with Sun-Abraham interaction weighting to account for heterogeneous treatment effects. Poisson regression models with two-way fixed effects (parent-centre and time period) controlled for centre average patient age, sex, and APD proportion, with standard errors clustered at parent-centre level. The dataset included all adult patients in jurisdictions utilising Vantive APD cyclers over 2014-24, excluding centres with fewer than 20 patients per year. While the event-study technique is well known in econometrics, we believe this is the first application to the area of peritoneal dialysis.

Outcomes examined were the overall rates of peritonitis, transfer to haemodialysis (HD) and death for each centre (inclusive of APD and CAPD). Outcomes were measured on the unit level and included all patients (both APD and CAPD).  The goal of this analysis is to determine whether the introduction of Sharesource was associated with changes in these outcomes. This can be considered an “intention-to-treat" intervention.

The cohort included 50 PD parent-level units across 7 jurisdictions, with outcomes measured across 10 years from 2014 to 2023 in half-year increments. The study included 29712.5 patient-years of PD exposure, of which 19904.7 was exclusively APD exposure. Remote monitoring was introduced progressively to centres over2016-22 (Figure 1). 

Our analysis indicates that Sharesource introduction was associated with a 15% reduction in peritonitis rates (rate ratio 0.85, 95% CI [0.73–0.99]), with the overall estimate aggregated based on 5 years post Sharesource introduction. Non-significant changes were seen in deaths (RR 0.91 [0.71-1.16]) and HD transfers (RR 0.97 [0.79-1.19]). Effects were heterogeneous across centres and time periods (Figure 2).

In this quasi-experimental approach, a modest reduction in centres’ overall peritonitis rates was seen following the introduction of remote monitoring. Further work is needed to understand how clinical units utilise the information available with this technology and relationships with outcomes. This will facilitate trials of specific interventions in response to various alert scenarios.

Kewords