ORGAN DONATION: REACHING THE NEXT GENERATION - TO AND THROUGH THE HIGH SCHOOL

 

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ORGAN DONATION: REACHING THE NEXT GENERATION - TO AND THROUGH THE HIGH SCHOOL

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Celine
Herrmann
Celine Herrmann celineherrmann26@gmail.com Mayo Clinic Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Rochester United States *
Mireille El Ters ElTers.Mireille@mayo.edu Mayo Clinic Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Rochester United States -
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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that current transplant rates meet only 10% of the global demand. The demand is highest for kidney transplants, the most common type of organ transplantation, and this demand is expected to increase in all regions. The quintessential reason that 90% of the demand is not met is the lack of donors. Several explanations have been given for this phenomenon including lack of awareness of the need and understanding of the process in the community. 

The hypotheses underlying this project were a) that there is minimal knowledge and comfort level about organ donation among high schoolers, and b) that it can be raised through education in the high school setting. A 25-item anonymous questionnaire (8 comfort level questions with a 5-point scale (the higher, the more comfortable) and 17 multiple-choice questions) was developed to assess awareness and knowledge before and after a 10-minute peer-to-peer presentation by CH, a high school student, given either in person in the classroom or by online video (30-70% split). Survey results were analyzed by chi-square or t-test for categorical or continuous data. 

A total of 114 high school students participated (62% female, average age 14.9 +/- 0.7). Most notable changes included an increase in the knowledge of how to become a living or deceased organ donor (from 58% pre to 91% post, p<0.001), registration through governmental or health care agencies (from 73% to 87%, p=0.008), and correctly listing which organs can be donated (from 16.5% to 33%, p=0.004).  The number of participants who considered becoming future organ donors increased from 21.7% to 30.4% (p=0.08). Interestingly, the comfort level was higher for living than for deceased organ donation and without difference between pre- and post-assessment (2.8 +/- 1.3 vs. 1.7 +/- 1.0, p <0.001 pre and 2.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 1.7 +/- 1.0 p<0.001 post). This likely reflects the additional impact of comfort level with bone marrow and especially blood donations. Importantly, on the follow-up questionnaire (i.e. without prompts on the pre-questionnaire) 59% of the students informed their family members about the benefits and options of organ donation. There was no difference in the outlined outcomes if the educational presentation was given in person or by online video. 

Knowledge and comfort levels about organ donation among high school students are limited. Education in the high school classroom setting, however, can boost awareness and knowledge (even when conducted through an online video), and it can reach all the way into the family circle. Efforts such as these are resource-light, can be easily implemented, and may increase the (current and future) pool of organ donors in communities worldwide.

Kewords