Inflammatory markers and B-cell levels serve as robust predictive biomarkers for assessing rituximab treatment response in patients with Membranous nephropathy

 

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Inflammatory markers and B-cell levels serve as robust predictive biomarkers for assessing rituximab treatment response in patients with Membranous nephropathy

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Bo
Zhang
Suyan Duan duansuyan_009@163.com The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nanjing China -
Yuyou Ye yeuu123@163.com The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nanjing China -
Qian Zhou zhouqianzm@126.com The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nanjing China -
Hujia Hua Tank1hua@163.com The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nangjing China -
Ming Zeng 940678033@qq.com The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nanjing China -
Chengning Zhang kittyzcn@163.com The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nanjing China -
Yanggang Yuan allan-spirit@163.com The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nanjing China -
Changying Xing Cyxing62@126.com The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nanjing China -
Huijuan Mao huijuanmao@126.com The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nanjing China -
Bo Zhang zhangbo@jsph.org.cn The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology Nanjing China *
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Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults with variable response to rituximab (RTX) therapy. By inducing B-cell depletion, rituximab reduces autoantibody production, thereby mitigating immune-mediated kidney injury. While traditional markers like proteinuria and anti-PLA2R antibodies exhibit predictive value, their limitations necessitate more robust biomarkers.

We prospectively analyzed 149 MN patients receiving RTX over 12 months. Inflammatory indices—neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SIRI)—together with B-cell levels were measured alongside conventional markers at baseline, 3-, and 6-months. Predictive models for 6- and 12-month remission (complete/partial) were developed using multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Non-responders exhibited persistently elevated inflammatory markers (NLR/MLR/SIRI) throughout the entire observation period. Among the three, only SIRI can independently predict the remission of MN. At 3 months, SIRI≤1.25 (OR 3.68, 95%CI 1.39-9.72) and B cells ≤0.2% (OR 2.90, 95%CI 1.00-8.35) independently predicted 6-month response. Incorporating these two newly added indicators into the traditional variable model (The levels of proteinuria, albumin and anti-PLA2R antibody at 3 months) markedly enhances prediction accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.86 vs 0.81). (AUC 0.86 vs 0.81). By 6 months, only SIRI≤0.9 (OR 4.84, 95%CI 1.43 to 16.40) and albumin change (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.19) predicted 12-month prognosis, as B cell/antibody levels lost significance. The prediction model incorporating SIRI also had better performance. 

B lymphocyte levels constitute a robust predictive biomarker for assessing short-term therapeutic response in membranous nephropathy patients receiving rituximab therapy. Furthermore, SIRI emerges as a valuable prognostic indicator capable of predicting both short-term efficacy and long-term renal outcomes. These findings suggest that concurrent monitoring of B lymphocyte counts, and SIRI values warrants integration into standardized monitoring frameworks within clinical management protocols.

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