Successful Treatment of Refractory Immune Complex-Mediated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) with Pegcetacoplan: A Case Report

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/b8d7cca2a7b2a9ee3a6068578e20cc15.pdf
Successful Treatment of Refractory Immune Complex-Mediated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) with Pegcetacoplan: A Case Report

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Abdullah
Al-Muhaiteeb
Abdullah Al-Muhaiteeb abdullahalmuhaiteeb82@gmail.com Al-Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait City Kuwait *
Anas Al Yousef AlYousef@gmail.com Al-Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait City Kuwait -
Ahmad Altaleb Altaleb@gmail.com Mubarak Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait City Kuwait -
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Immune complex–mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) lacks proven targeted therapy, and many patients remain refractory to corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. Dysregulated alternative-pathway complement activation provides a mechanistic rationale for proximal C3 inhibition. We report a steroid- and tacrolimus-refractory case achieving biochemical and clinical remission with pegcetacoplan.

A 19-year-old man with biopsy-proven IC-MPGN and nephrotic syndrome (24-hour protein 7,988 mg/day; urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [UPCR] 2,502 mg/g; hypoalbuminaemia 20 g/L; microscopic haematuria; C3 0.06–0.14 g/L with normal C4) initiated pegcetacoplan 1,080 mg subcutaneously twice weekly following immunisation against encapsulated organisms. Outcomes included serial proteinuria (24-hour protein; UPCR), serum albumin, complement (C3), kidney function (serum creatinine), blood pressure and safety. Background therapy was tapered according to clinical response.

Pegcetacoplan induced a rapid, sustained antiproteinuric response: 24-hour protein declined to 1,386 mg/day (−83%) and UPCR to 751 mg/g over eight months. Serum albumin normalised (36–38 g/L), C3 rose to 1.27 g/L, and creatinine remained stable (≈89–100 µmol/L). Blood pressure improved, permitting withdrawal of antihypertensives, and tacrolimus was discontinued without recurrence of oedema or haematuria. No adverse events or infectious complications were observed. Baseline histopathology showed an IC-MPGN pattern with granular IgA/IgG/C3 along capillary loops and subendothelial, intramembranous and subepithelial electron-dense deposits; immunoperoxidase demonstrated dominant IgA/IgG with C3, consistent with immune-complex disease.

In IC-MPGN refractory to non-specific immunosuppression, proximal C3 inhibition with pegcetacoplan achieved clinically meaningful remission, normalised complement activity and enabled steroid/calcineurin-sparing. These findings support mechanistic targeting of the alternative pathway in complement-dysregulated disease and justify prospective evaluation to define durability, optimal dosing and biomarkers of response.

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