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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitutes a significant public health issue in Thailand. However, our understanding of etiological variation and the potential to develop regionally individualized preventive or management strategies remains limited. This study aimed to establish patient demographics, underlying causes, and geographic variations in CKD features and complications across regions of Thailand.
The Thai CKD Project is an ongoing prospective cohort study enrolling adults with CKD stages G3–G5 (eGFR ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m²) from 41 hospitals nationwide. Participants are being followed longitudinally for at least two years to assess disease progression and outcomes. The present analysis reports baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics across six regions. CKD etiologies were classified as diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, or other causes. Complications included anemia (Hb <10 g/dL), metabolic acidosis (HCO₃ <22 mmol/L), hyperphosphatemia (>4.5 mg/dL), hyperkalemia (>5.5 mmol/L), and secondary hyperparathyroidism (PTH >65 pg/mL). Regional differences were evaluated using χ² testing.
Among 3,344 participants (mean age 69 ± 12 years; 45% female), CKD stages were distributed as G3a 20%, G3b 33%, G4 37%, and G5 10%. CKD etiologies: Diabetes and hypertension were predominant, but their distributions varied markedly by region (p < 0.001). Diabetes-related CKD was the most common etiology across several regions, particularly in the Northeast (43%), East (41%), West (41%), and South (39%). Hypertension-related CKD predominated in the North (41%). The highest proportions of CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) were observed in the Central (34%) and West (25%) regions. Glomerulonephritis accounted for only a small proportion in all regions (1–5%). Overall, diabetes and hypertension remained the leading causes of chronic kidney disease nationwide. (Figure 1)
Complications: Overall prevalence was 22% for anemia, 22% for metabolic acidosis, 6% for hyperphosphatemia, 1.4% for hyperkalemia, and 58% for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Regional variation was statistically significant for anemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism (all p < 0.001), and modest for hyperkalemia (p = 0.013). The most pronounced disparity was observed in metabolic acidosis across regions. (Figure 2)
The etiology and complication patterns of CKD in Thailand reveal significant regional variations. The high incidence of unknown causes in Central and West areas, along with significant differences in metabolic complications, highlights the necessity for additional research and implementation of region-specific clinical and public health strategies to effectively reduce the nationwide burden of CKD.
