TAST-SHIFTING URINE OUTPUT MONITORING to CAREGIVERS CUTS IN-HOSPITAL ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY MORTALITY in UGANDA

 

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TAST-SHIFTING URINE OUTPUT MONITORING to CAREGIVERS CUTS IN-HOSPITAL ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY MORTALITY in UGANDA

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Robert
Kalyesubula
EDRINE MULEMA edrinem@gmail.com Makerere University College of Health Sciences Medicine Kampala Uganda -
IRENE Andia Biraro iabiraro@gmail.com Makerere University College of Health Sciences Medicine Kampala Uganda -
Daniel Kiggundu dchiggundu@gmail.com Kiruddu National Referral Hospital Nephrology Kampala Uganda -
Praise Akankunda praiseakankunda@gmail.com Kirrudu National Referral Hospital Medicine Kampala Uganda -
Benjamin E Bodnar Benjamin.Bodnar@jhmi.edu Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Medicine Baltimore, MD United States -
Robert Kalyesubula rkalyesubula@gmail.com Makerere University College of Health Sciences Physiology Kampala Uganda *
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects millions worldwide and disproportionately impacts low‑ and middle‑income countries where infections and sepsis predominate. Timely detection and management can reverse AKI in many patients, but routine urine‑output (UO) monitoring is infrequent because it is labor intensive and staff are limited. We evaluated a pragmatic, multicomponent quality‑improvement (QI) task‑shift intervention that trained caregivers to perform bedside UO monitoring to improve AKI detection, management, and survival on infectious disease wards at a Ugandan national referral hospital.

We conducted a quasi‑experimental pre–post study on the infectious disease wards of Kiruddu National Referral Hospital. For the pre‑intervention period we reviewed a six‑month retrospective random sample of 121 patient files. During an eight‑week implementation period we prospectively reviewed 119 patient files. The QI intervention comprised two sequential components: (1) clinical staff education on AKI recognition and early management; (2) structured training of patient caregivers to perform UO monitoring and report findings. Primary outcomes were proportion with documented UO monitoring, proportion diagnosed with AKI, proportion receiving AKI management, and in‑hospital mortality. We compared proportions using Pearson’s chi‑square or Fisher’s exact tests and used mixed‑effects logistic regression to estimate associations at a 5% significance level.

Baseline cohort (n = 121): 60% female; median age 37 years (IQR 28–47). Implementation cohort (n = 119): 36% female; median age 38 years (IQR 29–48). At baseline AKI was documented in 12% with minimal UO monitoring. After staff education (phase 1) UO monitoring increased to 12% and AKI diagnoses to 25%. After caregiver training (phase 2) UO monitoring rose to 62% and AKI diagnoses to 31%. Overall during the QI period UO monitoring was 40%, AKI detection 29%, and 91% of diagnosed patients received AKI management. In‑hospital mortality decreased from 40% at baseline to 13% during the QI period (P < 0.001). In mixed‑effects models’ exposure to the full QI intervention was associated with lower odds of in‑hospital death after adjustment for age and sex (adjusted OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.09–0.45).

A low‑cost, scalable QI intervention that task‑shifted routine UO monitoring to trained caregivers substantially increased AKI detection and early management and was associated with a large reduction in in‑hospital mortality on infectious disease wards. This approach is feasible in resource‑limited settings and merits wider evaluation.


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