CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUMS OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: INSIGHTS FROM A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTION IN BANGLADESH

 

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CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUMS OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: INSIGHTS FROM A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTION IN BANGLADESH

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Noureen
Amin
Noureen Amin noureen6557@gmail.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh *
Kazi Shahnoor Alam kshahnoor@yahoo.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
A.N.M. Ehsanul Karim dr.ehsankarim@gmail.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Md. Raquib Morshed raquibmorshed@gmail.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Sk. Md. Ershad smershad990@gmail.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Md. Rezwanur Rahman rezwan1277@gmail.com National Gastroliver Institute & Hospital Gastroenterology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Shah Newaz Dewan dewanshahnewaz@gmail.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Momtaz Hossain momtaz.hossain@yahoo.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Mariam Mobasshera mmobasshera@gmail.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Dilip Kumar Debnath ddebnath67@yahoo.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Md. Abdus Sukur sukurraiaan@gmail.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Hasinatul Zannat sumimamunraj@gmail.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
Sabrina Shahrin ssshauna99@gmail.com National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology Nephrology Dhaka Bangladesh -
 
 

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide, and its epidemiology varies across different regions. Accurate diagnosis and risk stratification are crucial for appropriate management and prognostication. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile and histopathological pattern of GN in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.

This observational study included 139 adult patients who underwent renal biopsy at the National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka from October 2024 to March 2025. Clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, and biopsy findings were recorded and analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant.

The mean age of patients was 37.6 ± 15.4 years (range: 13–85 years), with a near-equal sex distribution (female 51.8%, male 48.2%). Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) was the most frequent histological pattern (24.5%), followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) 13.7% and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 13.7%. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) 11.5%, minimal change disease (MCD) 10.8% and membranous nephropathy (MN) 10.1% were also common. Nephrotic syndrome was mostly observed in MCD, MN, and FSGS, whereas nephritic features were predominant in IRGN and IgAN. There was significant variation in renal function indices across histopathological groups (p<0.05).

Figure 1: Distribution of glomerulonephritis patterns based on biopsy findings

In this study infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) was the most common histopathological pattern, although IgAN is predominant globally. These findings give us insight about the impact of infection in case of glomerulonephritis in an underdeveloped country like ours where 70.5% of the affected patients were from rural areas. Histopathological patterns showed strong association with disease severity. This study highlights the spectrum and clinical-histopathological correlation of GN in the Bangladeshi population, providing valuable baseline data for regional nephrology registries and future studies.

Kewords