A CASE OF ADTKD-MUC1 DIAGNOSED BY LONG-READ SEQUENCING OF THE MUC1 VNTR REGION

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/6dde95349d372e1a52d4c9c368a41694.pdf
A CASE OF ADTKD-MUC1 DIAGNOSED BY LONG-READ SEQUENCING OF THE MUC1 VNTR REGION

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Ayaka
Hane
Ayaka Hane hanetabletennis67@gmail.com Nara Prefecture Seiwa Medical Center Nephrology Nara Japan *
Yuriko Yasuda chopin181013@gmail.com Nara Prefecture Seiwa Medical Center Nephrology Nara Japan -
Yuri Matsuda yurimatsuda619@gmail.com Nara Prefecture Seiwa Medical Center Nephrology Nara Japan -
Naoki Kachi naoki.kachi1103@gmail.co Nara Prefecture Seiwa Medical Center Nephrology Nara Japan -
Akiko Itano akkoitano@gmail.com Nara Prefecture Seiwa Medical Center Nephrology Nara Japan -
Katsuhiko Morimoto morimoto1213@gmail.com Nara Prefecture Seiwa Medical Center Nephrology Nara Japan -
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Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease caused by MUC1 (ADTKD-MUC1) is a progressive inherited kidney disease often characterized by slow decline in kidney function and subtle or absent urinary findings. Its definitive diagnosis requires genetic analysis, which is frequently complicated by the unique, repetitive genomic structure of the MUC1 gene.

A 29-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to hypertension and newly diagnosed renal dysfunction (serum creatinine 1.13 mg/dL) identified during a routine medical check-up. Urinalysis was negative for both proteinuria and hematuria, and no urinary sediment abnormalities were observed. Renal magnetic resonance imaging revealed small cysts localized to the corticomedullary junction. The patient’s family history was highly suggestive of a hereditary disease: her maternal grandmother died of toxemia of pregnancy, and her mother developed end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis in her 30s.

A renal biopsy showed evidence of chronic tubulointerstitial damage, including severe tubular atrophy, focal irregular tubular dilatation, and irregular multilayering of the tubular basement membrane. Glomerular findings included global segmental sclerosis in 19 out of 28 sampled glomeruli, with the remaining glomeruli appearing unremarkable. Initial genetic testing using a short-read sequencer gene panel failed to identify a pathogenic variant. Subsequent targeted genetic analysis of the MUC1 gene's variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) region, performed with a long-read sequencer, identified a cytosine (C) insertion in the ninth repeat unit. This variant in the 60 base pair repeat sequence is consistent with previously reported pathogenic mutations for ADTKD-MUC1, leading to a definitive diagnosis.

Genetic analysis is essential for the diagnosis of ADTKD. However, the complex VNTR region of the MUC1 gene is notoriously difficult to analyze using conventional Sanger or short-read sequencing. This case demonstrates that in patients strongly suspected of having ADTKD—based on family history and progressive renal dysfunction without significant urinary findings—where standard genetic panels are inconclusive, specialized testing utilizing long-read sequencing is necessary to detect variants in the MUC1 VNTR region and achieve a final diagnosis.This abstract was also submitted for the 55th Western Regional Meeting of the Japanese Society of Nephrology.

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