DYNAMIC CHANGE IN RENAL RESISTIVE INDEX IN A PATIENT WITH HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 INDUCED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

 

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DYNAMIC CHANGE IN RENAL RESISTIVE INDEX IN A PATIENT WITH HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 INDUCED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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Michio
Umezu
Michio Umezu contact.ren2020@gmail.com Akiru Municipal Medical Center Dep of Nephrology 78-1 Hikida, Akiruno Tokyo Japan *
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Parvovirus B19 induced glomerulonephritis (GN) is in many cases self-limiting but it sometimes exhibits acute kidney injury (AKI) or congestive heart failure like overhydration. Doppler echographic renal resistive index (RI) is a non-invasive evaluation of renal blood flow pattern often used to predict the course of AKI or chronic kidney disease. In AKI high RI implies poor prognosis or persistence of low kidney function. RI evaluation in the clinical course of parvovirus B19 induced GN is thus far not reported.

A male in his sixties was hospitalized due to fever, rash, and edema. He was diagnosed with parvovirus B19 induced GN complicated with AKI because of family history, blood and urine analysis such as hypocomplementemia, IgM type anti-parvovirus B19 antibody, proteinuria, and hematuria. Doppler echographic renal examination was performed on the 2nd and 17th day of hospitalization. Serial change of RI was considered combined with clinical parameters.


                                                                                                                                         

Serum creatinine level was 4.2 mg/dl prior to hospitalization and 3.8 mg/dl on the day of admission, which implies his kidney function already began to improve when hospitalized. On the 3rd day, however, he showed dyspnea on effort, body weight gain, and hypoxemia with elevation of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration and pulmonary congestion on thoracic X-ray examination. Echocardiography showed normal wall motion and no dilation of ventricles but inferior vena cava was enlarged. To treat his overhydration diuretics were initiated. During several days his symptoms resolved with decrease in body weight and BNP. On the 2nd day RI was 0.8 and fractional excretion of Na (FENa) was 0.1 %. On the 17th day RI was 0.6 and FENa was 0.8 %. Kidney size evaluated by ultrasonography decreased and body weight reduced by 9 kg through 17 days with eGFR recovered. Proteinuria and hematuria disappeared. At the outpatient clinic follow-up 2 weeks after discharge, hypocomplementemia was not seen.

Characteristic features observed in this case of parvovirus B19 induced GN are: 1. Congestive heart failure like overhydration appeared in the phase of kidney function improvement. 2. Although high RI was considered the sign of poor prognosis of AKI, this case shows almost complete recovery of eGFR with decrease in RI in a short period of time. 3. A change in kidney size coincided with one in RI and FENa which suggests kidney congestion may be related with abnormal hemodynamics in the kidney and deranged function of tubules. New concepts and technology are necessary for linking immunological change of glomeruli to intra renal hemodynamics and tubular function.

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