RISK OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY FOLLOWING ANGIOJET RHEOLYTIC THROMBECTOMY FOR ARTERIAL THROMBOSES

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/648f3a64e4483f70903c754c9a659339.pdf
RISK OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY FOLLOWING ANGIOJET RHEOLYTIC THROMBECTOMY FOR ARTERIAL THROMBOSES

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Kate
Richards
Kate Richards kate.richards@health.nsw.gov.au John Hunter Hospital Nephrology and Transplantation Unit Newcastle Australia *
Tin Yau Ngan tinyau.ngan@health.nsw.gov.au John Hunter Hospital Vascular Surgery Department Newcastle Australia -
Shirley Cai shirley.cai@health.nsw.gov.au John Hunter Hospital Vascular Surgery Department Newcastle Australia -
Thivyesh Sathananthan thivyesh.sathananthan@health.nsw.gov.au John Hunter Hospital Vascular Surgery Department Newcastle Australia -
Tahmid Zaman tahmid.zaman@health.nsw.gov.au John Hunter Hospital Vascular Surgery Department Newcastle Australia -
Arvind Deshpande arvind.deshpande@health.nsw.gov.au John Hunter Hospital Vascular Surgery Department Newcastle Australia -
Bobby Chacko bobby.chacko@health.nsw.gov.au John Hunter Hospital Nephrology and Transplantation Unit Newcastle Australia -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

AngioJet Rheolytic Thrombectomy (ART) is an endovascular technique used for the treatment of arterial and venous thromboses. ART allows infusion of thrombolytic agents directly to the clot. Unlike Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (CDT) alone, ART employs high-pressure saline jets to fragment the thrombus and aspirate debris via a vacuum effect. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-documented complication of ART and is associated with an increased post-procedure mortality risk. The saline jets are thought to cause intravascular haemolysis resulting in heme pigment nephropathy. We compared the incidence of AKI in patients with arterial thromboses treated with ART versus CDT, hypothesising that ART for thromboses of the aorta or abdominal branches, would increase the risk of AKI due to the higher potential for renal haem pigment exposure. 

This retrospective study included adult patients who underwent endovascular intervention for acute arterial thromboses at the John Hunter Hospital from 2015 to 2024. Patients were stratified by treatment (ART or CDT). AKI was defined by a rise in creatinine of ≥26.5µmol/L within 72 hours post-procedure compared to baseline. Severity of AKI was graded as per the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Risk factors for AKI following ART were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. 

Of 247 eligible patients, 129 underwent ART. Patient demographics, baseline kidney function and thrombus site were similar between groups. AKI occurred more frequently in the ART group (20/129, 15.5%) compared with the CDT group (8/118, 6.8%) (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-6.0, p=0.04).  Stage one AKIs occurred more than four times more frequently in the ART group, whereas the frequency of stage two and three AKIs was similar. Only one patient required dialysis, in the ART group. Of the patients who underwent ART, thrombosis of the abdominal aorta or its branches was strongly associated with an increased AKI risk (OR 14.1, 95% CI 3.6-54.9, p=0.0001) compared to limb thrombosis. This relationship remained significant after accounting for age, sex and baseline creatinine (p=0.005). 

ART for acute arterial thromboses was associated with a significantly higher risk of AKI than CDT. Within the ART cohort, procedures involving the aorta or its branch arteries were strongly associated with AKI, independent of baseline renal function and demographic factors. These findings support the hypothesis that renal exposure to haemolytic by-products may contribute to nephrotoxicity during ART in proximal arterial territories. Given most of the excess AKI risk was attributed to stage one AKI, AngioJet need not be avoided but strategies to mitigate renal injury warrant further investigation, especially when performing ART in the aorto-renal circulation.

Table 1: Baseline characteristicsTable 2: AKI incidence

Kewords