Long-term experience treating osteoporosis with denosumab in hemodialysis patients

 

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Long-term experience treating osteoporosis with denosumab in hemodialysis patients

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Kentaro
Sakai
Kentaro Sakai ke-sakai@st-mary-med.or.jp Our Lady of the Snow Social Medical Corporation, St. Mary’s Hospital Department of Nephrology Kurume Japan *
Mai Arakawa mai-arakawa@st-mary-med.or.jp Our Lady of the Snow Social Medical Corporation, St. Mary’s Hospital Department of Nephrology Kurume Japan -
Yuka Ochiai y-ochiai@st-mary-med.or.jp Our Lady of the Snow Social Medical Corporation, St. Mary’s Hospital Department of Nephrology Kurume Japan -
Saho Hayashi sa-hayashi@st-mary-med.or.jp Our Lady of the Snow Social Medical Corporation, St. Mary’s Hospital Department of Nephrology Kurume Japan -
Rei Matsui r-matsui@st-mary-med.or.jp Our Lady of the Snow Social Medical Corporation, St. Mary’s Hospital Department of Nephrology Kurume Japan -
Chiyo Tsutsumi tsutsumi@st-mary.ac.jp St. Mary’s College Faculty of Nursing Kurume Japan -
Yuichiro Ide y-ide@st-mary.ac.jp St. Mary’s College Faculty of Nursing Kurume Japan -
Harumichi Higashi higashi@st-mary-med.or.jp Our Lady of the Snow Social Medical Corporation, St. Mary’s Hospital Department of Nephrology Kurume Japan -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The treatment method of osteoporosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) has not been established, as there is insufficient evidence regarding the treatment of osteoporosis. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2017 guidelines suggest that determining the bone marrow density (BMD) of HD patients is useful. In 2018, we began treating HD patients' osteoporosis with denosumab. Herein, we describe the effects of the treatment.

This was a single-center prospective observational study of 42 HD patients (age 71.2±9.7 yrs; 24 females, 18 males) treated for osteoporosis with denosumab in our hospital during 2018–2024. The average observational period was 3.8±2.2 years. We introduced osteoporosis treatment with alendronate in 2011, ibandronate in 2016, and denosumab in 2018. The patients' BMD values including the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We administered alendronate or ibandronate to patients whose first T-score was ≤-2.5. We checked the patients' BMD measured every year from 2011. Beginning in 2018, if a patient's T-score did not improve after the second year, we changed the medication to denosumab.  We evaluated the patients' yearly BMD measurements and their yearly bone metabolism marker values, i.e., parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b).

We investigated sex, age, existence of diabetes, hemodialysis period, and observational period. One year after the treatment, only the mean T-score of the lumbar spine significantly improved during the study period (p=0.01); those of the femoral neck and total hip did not. In a multiple regression analysis, low T-score before treatment and onset of diabetes were significantly associated with the improvement of T-scores.

The use of denosumab as a treatment of osteoporosis may be effective in hemodialysis patients, especially for the lumbar spine. Low T-score before treatment and onset of diabetes may affect the therapeutic effect.

Kewords