INFLAMMATORY PATTERNS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: PROGNOSIS ROLE OF NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND PLATELET-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN DELAYED GRAFT FUNCTION

 

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INFLAMMATORY PATTERNS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: PROGNOSIS ROLE OF NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND PLATELET-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN DELAYED GRAFT FUNCTION

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GUILHERME
YOKOYAMA
MARINA BOMEDIANO marinabomediano@gmail.com PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO PARANÁ NEPHROLOGY CURITIBA Brazil -
MARIA FERNANDA SOARES m.fernandasoares12@gmail.com PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO PARANÁ NEPHROLOGY CURITIBA Brazil -
GUILHERME YOKOYAMA guiyokoyama@gmail.com PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO PARANÁ NEPHROLOGY CURITIBA Brazil *
CAIO PELLIZZARI c_pellizzari@icloud.com PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO PARANÁ NEPHROLOGY CURITIBA Brazil -
THYAGO PROENÇA DE MORAES thyago.moraes@pucpr.br PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO PARANÁ NEPHROLOGY CURITIBA Brazil -
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The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a recognized indicator of systemic inflammation and a predictor of mortality in conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In the context of chronic kidney disease, an elevated NLR has been identified as a marker of mortality in patients on hemodialysis and as an independent risk factor for disease progression. Another hematological parameter, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), has been less extensively studied than the NLR. Although early post-transplant inflammation is a known predictor of long-term mortality, the utility of NLR or PLR as a specific predictors of delayed graft function (DGF) is not well established. This study therefore aimed to characterize the two-year temporal trajectories of NLR and PLR in kidney transplant (KT) recipients and to assess their association with the incidence of DGF.

This was a retrospective single-center cohort study including all patients who underwent KT between 2020 and 2022. From an initial cohort of 60 patients, eight were excluded due to all-cause mortality within the two-year follow-up period, resulting in a final study population of 52 patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between pre-transplant (month zero) NLR and PLR and the occurrence of DGF.

The cohort consisted predominantly of middle-aged (49.9 ± 12.4 years), most of whom were white (73.2%) and female (55.8%), with a high prevalence of hypertension (80.8%) and diabetes (28.8%). All transplants were from deceased donors, and the incidence of DGF was 35.3%. Pre-transplant inflammatory markers showed a median NLR of 3.4 (IQR 2.1 – 4.3) and a PLR of 135.7 (IQR 107.7 – 172.3). The incidence of acute rejection was low (7.7%), whereas cytomegalovirus infection occurred in approximately half of the patients (51.9%). Over the two-year follow-up, both NLR and PLR exhibited an early posttransplant peak within the first month, followed by a gradual decline during the first trimester. Thereafter, a mild downward trend was observed, with increased variability at later time points, suggesting heterogeneous long-term inflammatory responses. In logistic regression analysis, NLR showed no association with DGF (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 0.83-1.25, p = 0.87), with stable predicted probabilities across all NLR values. In contrast, PLR exhibited a positive, though borderline, association with DGF risk (OR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.99-1.02,p=0.06).p=0.06).

Patterns RPL and RNL
RNL probability DGF

Both NLR and PLR showed a transient early increase followed by gradual decline and greater variability over time. Although not statistically significant, the PLR suggests potential biological relevance and may represent a more sensitive inflammatory marker for DGF. 

Kewords