LONG-TERM RENAL FUNCTION OUTCOMES FOLLOWING LIVING DONOR NEPHRECTOMY: A 15-YEAR MULTICENTRE RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

 

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LONG-TERM RENAL FUNCTION OUTCOMES FOLLOWING LIVING DONOR NEPHRECTOMY: A 15-YEAR MULTICENTRE RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

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Shek Long
Tsang
Shek Long Tsang sunnytsangsl@gmail.com Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China *
Chiu Fung Tsang tsangchiufung@hotmail.com Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Stacia Chun stac@hku.hk Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Garm Chi Ho justinhogc@gmail.com Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Omar Wai Kiu Tsui tsuiomar@gmail.com Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Ting Fung Wong thomaswong1023@gmail.com Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Wilson Pui Long Hung wilsonplhung@yahoo.com.hk Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Hoi Lung Wong whl366@ha.org.hk Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Rong Na yungna@hku.hk Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Terence Chun Ting Lai lct729@ha.org.hk Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Chi Fai Ng ngcf@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong S.H. Ho Urology Center, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Wing Hang Au awh679@ha.org.hk Queen Elizabeth Hospital Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Tin Yu Chu CHUTY1@ha.org.hk Princess Margeret Hospital Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
Ada Tsui Lin Ng ntl188@ha.org.hk Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong, China -
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Living donor nephrectomy is a surgery with low complication rate. However, donor long-term renal functional reserve and risk of post-donation chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain areas of active investigation, with limited data from Asian populations. This retrospective cohort study examined post-operative CKD development and associated risk factors among donor nephrectomy patients in Hong Kong over 15 years.

We analyzed all living kidney donors from all four Hong Kong renal transplant centres (2010-2024). Primary outcome was CKD development defined as final follow-up eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m². Secondary outcomes included risk factor identification for development of post-operative CKD. Key variables examined included demographics, past health and operative data. Time to development of CKD was also analyzed.

A total of 193 patients were recruited in the study. After excluding patients with pre-operative eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73m², 153 donors were included. Mean follow-up duration was 6.6±4.2 years. Study population was predominantly female (68.0%) and Chinese (98.0%), with mean age 43.8±10.7 years and pre-operative eGFR 105.7±10.2 mL/min/1.73m². Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed in 90.2% of cases. Primary outcome (eGFR <60) occurred in 21 patients (13.7%). At final follow-up, GFR stage distribution of Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3a were 19.6%, 66.7% and 13.7% respectively, with no patients progressing to advanced stages. Significant risk factors for CKD development included: age ≥50 years (OR=5.33, 95%CI:1.99-14.28, p<0.001), male gender (OR=2.72, 95%CI:1.07-6.94, p=0.043). Pre-operative eGFR ≥100 mL/min/1.73m² was protective (OR=0.10, 95%CI:0.04-0.28, p<0.001). No patients with pre-operative eGFR ≥110 developed CKD. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed most eGFR <60 events occurred within 6 months post-operatively, with median time of 3.0 months and mean time of 8.6±24.6 months.

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of patients with pre-operative eGFR ≥ 90

Table 3. Long term outcomes of patients with pre-operative eGFR ≥ 90

Table 4. Comparison between Group A (post-operative eGFR ≥60) and Group B (post-operative eGFR <60)

Table 5. Risk factor analysis for development of post-operative CKD

Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier Curve Showing Time to Development of Post-operative CKD (eGFR <60)

Among donors with normal pre-operative kidney function, some patients developed CKD within 6 months post-operatively and no patient progressed to end stage renal failure in the cohort.  Age ≥50 years and male gender emerged as significant risk factors for post-operative renal impairment, while higher pre-operative eGFR was protective. These findings support age-stratified donor selection and enhanced monitoring protocols for older donors, even those with optimal baseline function.

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