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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS and CPS) are potassium-binding resins frequently prescribed in the management of hyperkalaemia. We conducted a scoping review to examine the efficacy and safety of polystyrene sulfonates in hospitalised adults with hyperkalaemia and to identify knowledge gaps relevant to clinical practice.
This scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported on the use of SPS or CPS in hospitalised adults for the treatment of hyperkalaemia. Searches were conducted on Medline (PubMed) and the Web of Science Core Collection. The protocol was prospectively registered with the Open Science Framework.
Seventeen studies were included, representing 31 treatment arms and 4325 hospitalised adult patients. Overall, the mean baseline serum potassium concentration was 5.8 ± 0.28 mmol/L, with a mean reduction of approximately 1.0 mmol/L. No significant difference was observed between SPS and CPS (0.98 mmol/L vs. 0.95 mmol/L; p = 0.829). The median time to nadir serum potassium was 12.5 hours. A moderate negative correlation was observed between polystyrene sulfonate dose and the change in serum potassium concentration (r = -0.462, p = 0.010)(Figure). SPS dose was significantly correlated with potassium reduction (r = -0.457, p = 0.019), while CPS was not (r=-0.515; p = 0.485). Constipation was the most common gastrointestinal adverse event, occurring most frequently in patients who received CPS. Hypernatraemia, hypocalcaemia and hypoglycaemia were observed only in SPS-treated patients, whereas hypercalcaemia occurred exclusively in those treated with CPS.
Polystyrene sulfonates showed a modest reduction in serum potassium concentrations in patients who had mild hyperkalaemia regardless of resin type. While gastrointestinal and metabolic adverse events were uncommon, the specific side effects varied according to the type of resin used.
