CYTOMEGALOVIRUS REACTIVATION IN PATIENTS WITH MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS TREATED WITH RITUXIMAB: A RETROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/08df7f2e4e1ff3f82b31c7e55315b58f.pdf
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS REACTIVATION IN PATIENTS WITH MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS TREATED WITH RITUXIMAB: A RETROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY

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Yosuke
Imamura
Yosuke Imamura imamura.y@jihs.go.jp National Center for Global Health and Medicine Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan *
Mariko Kawamura milkpot.blue@gmail.com The University of Tokyo Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology Tokyo Japan -
Daisuke Katagiri katagiri.d@jihs.go.jp National Center for Global Health and Medicine Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Naoto Eriguchi eriguchi.n@jihs.go.jp National Center for Global Health and Medicine Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Harui Bamba bamba.h@jihs.go.jp National Center for Global Health and Medicine Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Mimiko Matsumura matsumura.mim@jihs.go.jp National Center for Global Health and Medicine Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Minami Suzuki suzuki.min@jihs.go.jp National Center for Global Health and Medicine Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
Hideki Takano takano.h@jihs.go.jp National Center for Global Health and Medicine Department of Nephrology Tokyo Japan -
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Rituximab (RTX) is an effective agent for both remission induction and maintenance therapy in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). However, cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation due to RTX-induced immunosuppression remains a serious adverse event. Data regarding the high-risk period for CMV reactivation and optimal surveillance strategies are limited.

We retrospectively reviewed 31 patients diagnosed and treated for MPA at our institution between June 1, 2013, and September 30, 2025. Patients were divided into an RTX-treated group (n = 12) and a non-RTX-treated group (n = 19). The incidence and timing of CMV reactivation were compared between the two groups.

CMV reactivation occurred in 8 of 12 patients (67%) in the RTX-treated group and in 6 of 19 patients (32%) in the non-RTX-treated group. Among RTX-treated patients, 5 of 12 (42%) experienced CMV reactivation after RTX administration, all of which occurred during remission induction therapy and within 30 days of the first RTX infusion. One of the five patients developed CMV gastritis, which was the only case of CMV disease observed in this study. There was no significant difference in the reactivation rate between patients who received four weekly doses of RTX and those who received a single dose of the drug for induction therapy. No CMV reactivation was observed during maintenance therapy with RTX administered every six months.

Our findings suggest that CMV reactivation may be more likely to occur within one month after the initial RTX infusion in MPA patients, independent of the number of doses. More vigilant monitoring during this period is warranted.

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