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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Urine extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a heterogeneous group of bi-lipid encapsulated vesicles with a majority of them originating from kidney. These kidney-derived uEVs display distinct protein markers reflective of nephron segment-of-origin, along with injury-associated proteins, offering an insight into the pathological state of its source cell. The most common methods of analysing protein expression on uEVs are western blot, mass spectrometry, and flow cytometry. The key strength of flow cytometric analysis of EVs include its capacity for high-throughput single and bulk EV analysis. Various studies have evaluated kidney markers on uEVs using a range of flow cytometers.
This study systematically analysed single and bead-based flow cytometric approaches to assessing nephron segment markers on uEVs. Articles published between 1 January, 2000 and 31 August, 2025 reporting flow cytometric analysis of human uEVs were searched in PubMed. Studied uEV markers were mapped to nephron segments using single cell RNA sequencing data from the Kidney Precision Medicine Project. Participant characteristics, cohort size, urine collection methods, and uEV isolation techniques for each study were also summarised.
A total of 48 protein markers were reported from 26 journal articles with 5 podocyte-derived uEV markers (NPHS1, NPHS2, PODXL, PDPN, TIMP2), 11 proximal tubule-derived uEV markers (CD10, URAT, CD13, CD26, LRP2, AQP1, CEACAM, β-1AR, SM22α, SLC9A3, GAPDH), 14 loop of henle-derived uEV markers (CD9, CK8, UMOD, V-ATPase, PROM2, TMEM27, ILGFBP7, CD63, TSG101, CD81, LAMP1, HSP90A, HSP90B, CK18, UC1), 2 distal tubule-derived uEV markers (SLC12A3, claudin-1), 2 collecting duct-derived uEV markers (AQP2, SLC14A2) and 5 injury uEV markers (MCP1, OPN, NGAL, CD133, CD24). Podocalyxin, CD9, and AQP2 have been reported in the most studies (six studies). Furthermore, 7 different flow cytometers were employed across 26 studies, including conventional and imaging flow cytometers. Conventional flow cytometers were the most commonly used. No studies used spectral flow cytometers or nano-flow cytometers.
A range of nephron segment markers have been identified on uEVs using flow cytometry. Notably, flow cytometry protocols and flow cytometer sensitivity has improved significantly over the study period signalling the need to reassess kidney markers on uEVs with current technologies (e.g. spectral flow cytometry, nano flow cytometry). Identifying nephron segment markers on uEVs is an important step to developing uEVs as biomarkers of kidney disease as it enables the localisation of reno-protective and pathological uEVs.
