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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Systemic inflammation has been associated with severe COVID-19 disease and mortality. Studies have found that hyponatremia in COVID-19 can result from inflammation-induced non-osmotic release of antidiuretic hormone. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with hyponatremia (Na < 135mmol/L) in COVID-19 patients. The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without hyponatremia were also compared.
This case-control study included a total of 384 patients (192 patients each for the hyponatremic and normonatremic groups) aged 18 years old and above diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, who were admitted at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Data pertaining to the patients’ demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, drug exposure, and laboratory results upon admission were collected and analyzed. The clinical outcomes analyzed include in-hospital mortality, need for ICU admission, need for ventilator support, acute kidney injury, and length of hospital stay.
Twenty-five percent (25%) of the COVID-19 patients in this study was found to be hyponatremic upon admission. Patients with hyponatremia were found to be significantly older (64.4 ±14.6 vs 59.7 ± 15.4, p-value = 0.003), with male predominance. Among all the comorbid conditions analyzed in this study, only the presence of acute kidney injury had a significant association with hyponatremia (39.6% versus 21.4%, p-value < 0.001). As compared to the normonatremic group, patients with hyponatremia had higher creatinine levels upon admission as well as higher white blood cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, absolute neutrophil count and inflammatory markers (ferritin, CRP, IL-6, procalcitonin) but lower absolute lymphocyte count (p-values <0.001). Hyponatremia in COVID-19 patients had also been found to carry approximately two to three times the risk for adverse outcomes, with a significantly higher proportion of prolonged hospitalization (31.2% versus 16.7%, p-value < 0.0001), acute kidney injury (39.6% versus 21.4%, p-value < 0.001), in-hospital mortality (20.3% versus 7.3%, p-value < 0.001), need for ICU admission (31.8% versus 14.1%, p-value < 0.001) and need for intubation (24.5% versus 8.9%, p-value < 0.001). Binary logistic regression showed that the significant predictors of hyponatremia include age, presence of acute kidney injury, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and serum ferritin level.
Hyponatremia in COVID-19 patients is significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Determination of serum sodium is rapid, inexpensive and widely available. It may be used in the local setting to identify COVID-19 patients at high risk for poor clinical outcomes who may benefit from more intensive monitoring and allow proper interventions to be put in place in a timely fashion.
