WHEN KIDNEYS CAN’T BE BIOPSIED, SKIN BIOPSY IDENTIFIES SLE RELAPSE ON DIALYSIS.

 

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WHEN KIDNEYS CAN’T BE BIOPSIED, SKIN BIOPSY IDENTIFIES SLE RELAPSE ON DIALYSIS.

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Tetsuro
Rikihisa
Tetsuro Rikihisa truth.world.18000@gmail.com Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan *
Yusuke Yoshimura ekusyuim@gmail.com Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Yuki Oba pugpug.yuki008@gmail.com Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Eiko Hasegawa eiko-hase@hotmail.co.jp Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Akinari Sekine akinari-s@toranomon.gr.jp Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Masayuki Yamanouchi yamanouchi.masayuki@gmail.com Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Tetsuya Suwabe suwabetat@yahoo.co.jp Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Nobukazu Hayashi hayashi@toranomon.gr.jp Toranomon Hospital Dermatology Minato,Tokyo Japan -
Kei Kono k.kono0317@gmail.com Toranomon Hospital Pathology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Kenichi Ohashi kohashi.pth1@tmd.ac.jp Toranomon Hospital Pathology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Yutaka Yamaguchi yutayama14@yahoo.co.jp Yamaguchi's Pathology Laboratory Pathology Chiba Japan -
Takehiko Wada takewada@gmail.com Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Naoki Sawa naokis@toranomon.gr.jp Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
Yoshifumi Ubara yoshifumiubara@gmail.com Toranomon Hospital Nephrology Minato, Tokyo Japan -
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig)G in tissues, which in turn activates the classical pathway of complements such as C1q, C4, and C3, thus mobilizing inflammatory cells and causing tissue damage. The organs affected by SLE include the kidneys, where deposition of IgG, C1q, and C3 is seen, allowing disease activity to be assessed as lupus nephritis in renal tissue and making kidney biopsy an essential test in SLE. However, once patients have developed end-stage renal failure and require hemodialysis, kidney biopsy is no longer an effective method for assessing SLE activity. We report a case in which a skin biopsy confirmed a relapse of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a patient with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis.

A 75-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosed at age 42 initiated hemodialysis at age 75, and subsequently discontinued immunosuppression. Within 3 months of starting hemodialysis, she developed hypocomplementemia with CH50 of 20 U/ml (reference range, 31-58 U/ml), and a rise in anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies 28.3 U/ml (reference value, < 10.0 U/ml). Subsequently, generalized pruritic erythema appeared, requiring hospitalization. As the patient was already receiving hemodialysis, we proceeded with a skin biopsy of the rash.

Skin biopsy showed inflammatory infiltrates with marked erythrocyte extravasation in the dermis. Direct immunofluorescence study showed a continuous band-like deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, C3, and C1q deposition at the epidermal-dermal junction “lupus band test”. Electron microscopy confirmed electron-dense deposits (EDD) at the same location. These findings indicated cutaneous manifestation of SLE and supported a diagnosis of SLE relapse.

When kidney biopsy is not feasible due to dialysis, skin biopsy serves as a valuable diagnostic tool to identify SLE relapse.

Kewords