EARLY METABOLIC STRESS AND SELECTIVE GLOMERULAR HYPOFILTRATION IN THE GENERAL POPULATION

 

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EARLY METABOLIC STRESS AND SELECTIVE GLOMERULAR HYPOFILTRATION IN THE GENERAL POPULATION

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Christopher
Nilsson
Christopher Nilsson christopher.nilsson@med.lu.se Lund University Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo Sweden * Skane University Hospital Department of Nephrology Malmo Sweden
Agne Laucyte-Cibulskiene agne.laucyte-cibulskiene@med.lu.se Lund University Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo Sweden - Skane University Hospital Department of Nephrology Malmo Sweden
Amra Jujic amra.jujic@med.lu.se Lund University Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo Sweden - Skane University Hospital Department of Cardiology Malmo Sweden
Martin Magnusson martin.magnusson@med.lu.se Lund University Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo Sweden - Skane University Hospital Department of Cardiology Malmo Sweden North-West University Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) Potchefstroom South Africa
Anders Christensson anders.christensson@med.lu.se Lund University Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo Sweden - Skane University Hospital Department of Nephrology Malmo Sweden
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A reduced ratio of cystatin C to creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys/eGFRcr-ratio <0.7), indicative of Selective Glomerular Hypofiltration Syndromes (SGHS), predicts adverse outcomes independent of kidney function. However, the relationship between SGHS and glucometabolic disturbances in the general population remains insufficiently explored.

We analyzed 29,246 participants (age 50–64 years) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Glycaemic status was categorized as normoglycaemia, prediabetes, or diabetes using fasting P-glucose and HbA1c. eGFRcr was estimated with Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2021 equation and eGFRcys with CKD-EPI 2012; SGHS was defined as eGFRcys/eGFRcr-ratio <0.7. Associations of glycaemia and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with continuous ratio and SGHS were examined using multivariable regression with sequential adjustment for age, sex, site, BMI, smoking, blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, LDL, and lipid-lowering therapy. Sensitivity analyses employed the revised Lund–Malmö (LMrev) creatinine equation and the Caucasian–Asian–Pediatric–Adult (CAPA) cystatin C equation. Kernel density plots of the eGFRcys/eGFRcr-ratio were generated by glycaemic status

The mean eGFRcys/eGFRcr-ratio declined stepwise from 0.95 in normoglycaemia to 0.90 in prediabetes and 0.85 in diabetes (p<0.001). As shown in figure 1, ratio distributions were progressively shifted leftward with worsening glycaemia SGHS prevalence increased from 6.6% to 10.6% and 18.7%, respectively (p<0.001). Both HbA1c (per 10 mmol/mol) (β –0.015, 95% CI –0.018 to –0.012) and fasting P-glucose (per 1 mmol/L) (β –0.007, 95% CI –0.009 to –0.005) were inversely associated with the ratio, and independently predicted SGHS (OR HbA1c 1.27, 95% CI 1.19–1.35; OR glucose 1.11, 95% CI 1.06–1.15). Logistic regression confirmed higher odds of SGHS in prediabetes (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.17–1.46) and diabetes (OR 2.69, 95% CI 2.37–3.05) versus normoglycaemia. Insulin resistance was strongly associated with SGHS, even among normoglycaemic individuals (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.26–1.35). Findings were consistent across alternative equations in sensitivity analysis.


In this large population-based cohort, SGHS and a lower eGFRcys/eGFRcr-ratio were consistently associated with worsening glycaemic status. Insulin resistance was related to SGHS even among individuals without diabetes, highlighting metabolic stress as a potential early driver of selective hypofiltration. These findings suggest that SGHS may serve as a novel and sensitive marker of subclinical kidney injury in metabolic dysregulation, with implications for early risk stratification and prevention.

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