Diagnostic Value of Hematological Biomarkers in Identifying Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Zanzibar, Tanzania

 

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https://storage.unitedwebnetwork.com/files/1099/6c4d9199acd511933dfbd9264446bd86.pdf
Diagnostic Value of Hematological Biomarkers in Identifying Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Zanzibar, Tanzania

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Huda
Al Akrabi
Huda Al Akrabi drakrabi@gmail.com KCMC UNiversity Faculty of Medicine Moshi Tanzania *
Kajiru Kilonzo mtundumliasi@gmail.com KCMC University Faculty of Medicine Moshi Tanzania -
Rukayya Saleh bairukayya714 Mnazi Mmoja Hospital Department of Medicine Zanzibar Tanzania -
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Background: Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) remains a preventable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings where diagnostic tools are limited. Readily available hematological parameters from a complete blood count may offer a simple, low-cost means for early risk identification. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of common hematological biomarkers in detecting PRAKI in Zanzibar.

Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study across eight secondary and tertiary hospitals in Zanzibar from January 2024 to January 2025. Pregnant and postpartum women were screened for AKI using KDIGO criteria. Hemoglobin, platelet count, and white blood cell (WBC) count were extracted from routine laboratory records. Logistic regression was used to determine associations with PRAKI, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.

Results: Among 1,338 women screened, 121 (9.0%) met KDIGO criteria for PRAKI. Anemia (70%), thrombocytopenia (73%), and leukocytosis (74%) were frequent abnormalities. In multivariable analysis, thrombocytopenia showed a strong independent association with PRAKI (aOR 18.1; 95% CI 10.2–32.0; p < 0.001), while anemia and leukocytosis lost significance after adjustment.

Conclusion: PRAKI affected nearly one in ten obstetric admissions in Zanzibar and was strongly linked to thrombocytopenia. Platelet count, a universally available, inexpensive biomarker showed outstanding diagnostic performance in identifying women at risk of PRAKI. Incorporating routine platelet monitoring into antenatal and obstetric care could enable earlier detection, timely nephrology referral, and improved maternal survival. These findings advance the ISN 0by25 vision of eliminating preventable AKI deaths by translating simple laboratory tests into life-saving interventions for mothers in resource-limited settings.

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