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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
In the normal population, blood pressure (BP) exhibits a circadian rhythm, as measured by a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM). At night-time, there is a normal reduction in BP by 10-20%. Absence of normal night-time dipping pattern is called non-dipping. Non-dipping status has clinical implications, with an association found between non-dippers, left ventricular hypertrophy, and an increased risk of stroke, cardiovascular events, and developing chronic kidney disease (CKD).CKD is a common disease with an increasing prevalence. BP disorders are common in CKD patients and can affect 60-90% of individuals. CKD patients are also known to have abnormalities in the circadian BP regulation, which can manifest as a non-dipping pattern.
There is a paucity of information and awareness of the prevalence of non-dipping status in CKD patients. We therefore set out to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of non-dippers in CKD and compare the prevalence to non-CKD patients.
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched for cohort or randomised trials examining BP status in CKD patients who underwent a 24-hour ABPM. The search covered until Dec 2023. Studies were included if they contained a CKD cohort with an ABPM measurement to document non-dipping prevalence. We also included studies that contained a non-CKD cohort for comparison. Data were screened, extracted independently, with risk of bias assessment done by 2 authors. Risk of bias was assessed through the Joanna Bigg Institute (JBI) with a score ≤5 assigned as a low-quality study. Random effects in meta-proportional and meta-analysis were used to determine 1) the pooled prevalence of blood pressure patterns in CKD and 2) the risk of non-dipping status comparing CKD to no CKD patients. Sensitivity analysis excluding high-risk-of-bias studies was conducted to examine heterogeneity.
We identified 2,541 articles, and 61 were eligible for inclusion. A total of 54,515 patients were included: 33,825 with CKD and 20,690 non-CKD. Mean age of participants ranged from 36 to 74 years. Risk of bias was high in 12 studies, moderate in 21, and low in 28. The pooled prevalence of non-dippers in CKD was 0.56 (95%CI 0.52- 0.59, I2=97.8%, P<0.001). Prevalence across studies ranged from a low of 0.15 (95%CI 0.06-0.30) to a high of 0.86 (95%CI 0.84- 0.88). Reverse dipping status was reported in 23 studies with a pooled prevalence of 0.23 (95%CI 0.20- 0.26, I2=95.7%, P<0.001). Seventeen studies reported on non-dipper status between CKD and non-CKD patients. Patients without CKD had a lower risk of non-dipping status compared to CKD patients (RR 0.71, 95%CI 0.60- 0.83, I2=96%, P<0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed similar estimates for prevalence as follows: non-dippers 39 studies prevalence 0.55 (95%CI 0.51- 0.59, I2=98, P<0.001), reverse dippers 15 studies prevalence 0.22 (95%CI 0.19- 0.26, I2=96, P<0.001) and non dipper status between CKD and no CKD in 11 studies (RR 0.80,95%CI 0.67-0.96, I2=97, P<0.001).
Prevalence of non-dipping status in CKD patients is high, with an almost 30% higher risk of non-dipping status in CKD patients compared to those without CKD. Awareness of the high prevalence of non-dipping status in this population should be raised, with more studies aimed at clarifying the impact.
