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During the congress, E-Posters will be accessible to all participants on the congress website 24/7, as well as in the E-poster stations in the congress center.
Preparing your E-Poster
Please review the E-Poster format requirements carefully when preparing your E-Poster. Should your E-Poster not meet the mentioned requirements, it may not be displayed as described above.
E-Poster Submission Deadline
Please prepare and upload your E-Poster no later than March 14, 2026 11.59PM CET. After this date, you will no longer be able to prepare and upload your E-poster and it will not be displayed and accessible on the congress website.
Please follow the instructions below to input your abstract title.
Abstract titles should be brief and reflect the content of the abstract.
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota–derived metabolite, has emerged as a biomarker linking metabolic dysregulation, cardiovascular risk, and kidney disease progression. Its urinary excretion reflects renal filtration and metabolic stress, potentially enabling early detection of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study presents a novel pixel array–based electrochemical biosensor designed to simultaneously detect urinary TMAO and glucose and assess their relationship with urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients.
The biosensor consists of a 2×2 pixel array integrating TorA and glucose oxidase enzymes on a SiNx-protected electrode platform. It operates via electrical field modulation triggered by redox reactions of TMAO and glucose, measured through a custom system-on-chip (SoC) readout circuit. Urine samples from T1D patients (disease duration >10 years) were stratified by UACR (<30, 30–300, and >300 mg/g). TMAO and glucose signals were analyzed for linearity, sensitivity, and correlation with renal functional indices.
The biosensor exhibited exceptional analytical performance, achieving a detection limit of 0.1 μM and a sensitivity of 41 ADC counts/μM (≈ 4.5 mV/μM). It demonstrated a rapid 1-second response time, 98 % reproducibility, and long-term stability for 63 days with minimal signal drift (0.3 mV). A robust linear correlation (R² = 0.996) was identified between urinary TMAO and UACR values up to 1100 mg/g, whereas urinary glucose showed variable increases beyond 30 mg/g. Only 5 μL of urine was required for simultaneous quantification of TMAO and glucose, supporting its applicability for rapid, low-volume point-of-care testing.
This pixel array urine biosensor offers a rapid, precise, and minimally invasive platform for assessing renal metabolic injury in diabetes. The strong linkage between urinary TMAO and albuminuria underscores its potential as a point-of-care diagnostic platform for early DKD detection and precision kidney health monitoring.
